Chapter 9, Item 9e
Cattle benefits
The Benefits or Blessings of Cows
6. Beest, the first Milk after Calving.
Milk, a white sweet liquor drawn from the Udder of a Cow.
Cream, the top of Milk, standing in a pot or pan-mug.
Afterings, the Stroakings, or last that is Milkt from a Cow.
Boniclatter, Cream gone thick.
Butter, Cream Churned.
Butter-Milk, or churned Milk.
Thick Milk, Butter-milk made thick through the heat of Summer, the bottom part falling to a Whigg.
Curds,
Cheese,
Whey, the liquid substance drawn from the Cheese-curds, which clarified is a good Summer-drink.
Whey-Butter, and Whey-Cream.
Fleetings, the Curds or top of Whey boiled with Butter-milk.
Sweet-Cheese, Fleeting strained through a fine Cloth and Sugared.
| Veal | ) | |
| Beef | ) | meat for Men. Oxen for Labour. |
| Neat | ) |
Hides, for the making of all sorts of Leather either Tanned or white-Leather.
Horns, to make Combs and Lanthorns.
Hair for Plastering.
Tallow, for Candles.
Suet.
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Chapter 9, Item 9f
Cattle colour
Colours of Oxen and Cows.
7. White and Grey.
Black.
Bay, or Brown.
Yellowish.
Farrow, or Fallow, a reddish Cow.
Pie-coloured, part black and part white.
Spotted.
Fildome, part brown, and part white.
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Chapter 9, Item 9g
Cattle terms
Terms used by Ox and Cow-keepers, called Cow-herds.
8. To Fodder, is to give them Meat. To Litter, is to give them Straw to stand and lye upon.
Shorn, is the Dung of Oxen and Cows.
A Neat-heard, is the Keeper of Oxen or Cows; some call them Cow-heard, or Cow-keeper.
A Neat, is either a Cow, or Ox; from hence their Tongues are called Neats-Tongues.
To Mexon, is to make clean their Houses from Dung.
A Muck-Hill, is the place where the Dung is laid till it be carried into the Field to
Manure the ground; some call it a Mixon.
A Maiden-Heifer, one that never took Bull.
Splaid Heifer, that hath her Genitals taken away.
Cut a Calf, that is to Splay it, take away its Stones.
Libbing, is Gelding a Bull.
A Drove of Cattle, a Drove of Beasts.
Cud, as Tue the Cud, is to draw up the Meat again out of the Throat or Maw, and grind it a-new to make it digest.
A Farrow Cow, is a Cow that gives Milk in the second year after her Calving; having no Calf that year.
A Herds-Man, one that is occupied about Cows and Oxen.
A Drover, is a Buyer and Seller of all sorts of Domestick Cattle.
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Chapter 9, Item 9h
Cattle equipment
Things used about Oxen and Cows
9. A Calf Kide, a place made of Boughs in the Field, or near the Cow-house in which the Calf is kept whilst he is sucking.
An Ox-house.
A Stale, the place in the house where the Ox is tyed to feed, from hence we call a fat Ox, a stale feed Ox.
A Cow-house.
A Boosey, the place where the Cow is tyed.
The Racks.
The Sow, is the Yoke which is put about the Cow or Ox-Neck to tye him to the Boosey.
A Goad, or Ox-Goad, a long stick with a prick in the end of it, by which Oxen are pricked to make them quick in their Labour or Travel.
A White, a Carters Whip.
A Yelf, or Yelve, an Iron with three fork ends, by which Dung is taken from the Beast, and the house made clean.
A Hay-hook.
A Fork, or Pikel, Spade, and a Rak.
A Rake, a Barrow, a Wheel-barrow.
A Wisket, or Straw-basket, in which Provender is given Cows or Oxen.
A Tumbrell, a kind of Cart to carry away Muck and Dirt.
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Chapter 9, Item 9i
Cattle feeding
Feeding of Cows and Oxen.
10. Fodder, is Hay kept for them to eat.
Blend Fodder, is Hay and Straw mixed.
Litter, is Straw of any Grain, on which the Beasts lie to rest.
Grassing Pasture, are either Meadows, Fields, or Closes for them to feed in.
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Chapter 9, Item 29a
Sheep terms
Terms used by Shepheards in Keeping of Sheep.
11. For their safety and feeding.
A Sheep-cote, to lodge them in, in the Winter time. Folds, for the Summer.
A Shepheards Bower, Hut, Coat, or Cabin, a place to keep him from the heat and foul Weather; called Shades, or shaddows, by the Poets.
Shepherds Dog, or Cur, to keep them from Wolves and Foxes, and to fetch them in if they go astray; and to gather them to their Folds.
Cratch, or Racks, to give them meat in, in the Winter-time.
Hurdles, or Folds, things made of sticks wound together, by which the Folds are made to keep them in one place.
Whoop, Whoopoo. Is the Shepherds call or cry, to call the Sheep together, to bring them to the Fold, or Cote.
Shepherds Crook, a Staff with an Iron hook at the end, with which he can catch any Mutton he desireth among the Flock.
Rich lear, is good ground for feeding and fatting them.
Poor Lear, is barren ground.
Pasture Sheep, are such as are kept in Fields and inclosed Land.
Field Sheep, such as are kept in the tylth of fallow fields, or vast Forests and Commons.
Mountain Sheep, those kept on Rocky hills, and Mountainous places, which are generally very small Sheep.
Yeaning time, when they drop their Lambs.
Lipped, or Libbed, or gelded Sheep.
Cut, Heal, or Geld Lambs, when their Stones are taken away.
Tar-bottle, or Tar-box, a thing to hold Tar in to mark Sheep, and to dress such as have Maggots.
Stragled, gone astray.
Rutting, or Ramming-time.
Mutton, the flesh of Sheep.
Coat the sheep, is to drive them into their Houses of Folds.
Shut up the sheep, when they are bidden to fetch in the Sheep from pasturing.
Pasturing, or Grasing, is the feeding of Sheep.
Belting of sheep, is the dressing of them from filth.
Turn the Tupe to ride, is to put them to the Ewes to engender, according to the old Proverb. About St. Luke's day, Let the Tup have his way.
Ewe is Bliessom, that is, she hath taken Tup.
Ewe is Riding, when she is Tupping.
Yean, or Lamb, when they have brought forth their young, which they usually do in twenty weeks after Riding.
Sucking Lamb, so called all the time of Sucking the Ewe.
Lamb bossing the Ewe, when it Nuds the Dug.
Weaned Lamb, when taken from the Ewe.
Kead Lamb, when brought up without the help. or sucking of the Ewe. Lamb, or Hog-sheep, for twelve month.
A share sheep, at two years old, at which time he or she hath cast two Teeth.
Two share sheep, at three years old, when cast four Teeth, or hath four broad Teeth.
Three share sheep, at four years old, at which time they hafe six broad Teeth, then they are called Weathers or Tups.
A Flock, or Theave, of such an age are called Ewes.
Droppings, is Sheeps Dung.
Shepheards Bag, and Bottle, those things he keeps his meat and drink in, his Pantrey and his Cellar.
Gathering and Washing and Coating of sheep, is to make their Wool clean before it be shorn off.
Sheep shearing, is that time wherein the Wooll is cut off them, which both in old time, and at this day was ever accounted days of Mirth and Feasting.
Sheep shearers, are such as tye the Sheeps four feet together, and cut off their Wooll. Sheep shares, or Wooll shares, that with which the Wooll is shorn of the Sheep.
New shorn sheep,
Mark the sheep, is with a Marking Iron, either of the Letters of the Owners name, or of some other devise, dipt in hot pitch or Tar, and clapt upon some place of the Sheep, which will a-bide there, to make them to be known: Some mark them with Raddle, and make Ear-marks.
Strunted sheep, is when their Tails are cut off to keep them from Dunging them, and breeding of Maggots therein. Fleece, is as much Wooll as comes off one Sheep, and is rolled up in a Bundle.
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