3. Now for a few Instruments and Tools belonging to Labouring Artificers, as Masons, Bricklayers, Pavers, Slaters and Plasterers.
Crane
LXVII. He beareth on a Ground Plot fixed to the Dexter Base, an Engine called a
Crane. This is a thing like a Wind Mill
House, fixed near to the Key of a great or Navigable
River, by the help whereof great and massy weights
are taken off the Shoar, and laid in Ships; and so on
the contrary from the Ship to the Land, by the strength
of one Man.
Turn Engine
LXVIII. He beareth an Engine called a
Turne, or the Turne Engine. This is another thing by which great Weights are lifted up, and
is much used for the taking up of large Mill-stones
of the Mill, when they are to be new Picked.
Windlass
LXIX. He beareth a Windlass.
This is a third sort of Engine, used much by Masons,
Carpenters, Plummers, Brick-layers, and such like Artificers, for the lifting up of massy Weights to the top
of Houses, Churches and Steeples, by the help of Ropes
and Pulleys fixed on high.
Paver's pick
LXX. He beareth a Pick.
This is also termed a Pavers Pick; and of
some a Pick-Axe. It hath a long head and back part,
that it may strike deep into the ground: There are other
sorts of them as they have been made of old, as numb.
72, 73, 74 but this is the modern shape of them.
Mattock
LXXI. He beareth a Mattock.
This is an Instrument by
which Labourers do dig and sink into the Earth withal,
when it is hard and stony, or of a Clay like substance;
the one end of it being broad, and the other sharp
pointed.
Paver's pick
LXXII. He beareth a Pavers Pick.
This is an Ancient Pavers
Pick, having the handle to go into a socket at the
head end of the Iron.
Paver's pick
LXXIII. He beareth an old fashioned Pavers Pick, with a short flat face. This I drew
from an old Coat. but could not learn the name of the
Bearer.
Billet
In this square I have caused a Billet to be set, of
which I shall say more, numb.82. This by Mr Gwillim taken to be a Paper folded up in form of a Letter.
Paver's pick
LXXIV. He beareth a Pavers Pick pointed at both ends. This much resembles the Mill Pick, only this difference there is, that
goes through the Stock or Handle, and is there wedged; this the handle goeth into the eye or socket of the
Iron, and is secured there that it move not.
Slater's hatchet
LXXV. He beareth a Slaters, or a Plasterers Hatchet. This is
a kind of Hammer-Hatchet, the one end being made
like the Hammer face, cross nicked, like a rough File,
and the other end like an Hatchet, so that it is made
both to drive Nails, and cut Laths or other small Timber.
Mason's mallet
LXXVI. He beareth a Masons Mallet;
between two Wedges.
The Mallet, when it is large and a long Stail or
Handle, is termed a Maul by Wood Men; but a
Commander by Masons and Stone Getters: Also that
term Carpenters give it, who use it with an handle
about 3 foot or more long, to knock on the corners or
Framed work, to set them in their places.
Trowel
LXXVII. He beareth a Trowel
and a Brick-Axe of the second.
The Brick-layers have several
names for this kind of Axe; it is called a Salter, a
Cutting Axe, with the denomination of Bricklayers
added thereunto; else by the term, it would be taken
for a contrary thing.
Brick layer's plumb rule
LXXVIII. He beareth a Brick-layers or
Masons Plumb Rule; with Line and
Plummet pendant between one of their
Joynters, and a Cutting Axe of Salter. These
are all Instruments and Working Tools belonging most
especially to Brick-men.
The Plumb-Rule sheweth him whether his Walling doth range straight, and stand upright; which if neither, there may be a timely mending.
Jointer
The Joynter, is to make smooth the Joints between
the laying of each Brick or Stone.
Salter
The Salter or Brick Axe, or Cutting Axe, is to
cut the rough and knotty places of Bricks, to make them
lye flat and even in the Bed of Mortar; but more especially it is used for the Camphering or cutting of
Bricks, for Cornishes and Splaying of an Angle,
or rebating or a Corner, and such like, where Bricks
are sometimes cut half or quarter round, sometimes
square, &c.
Level
LXXIX. He beareth a Level; with its
Line and Plummet; in chief a pointing
Trowel. This is called also a
Water Level; the use is to lay all ground Plots
streight and even, and therefore much esteemed by Carpenters, Pavers, and other Trades-men, which have
occasion to lay any Flats, that they may be laid without swellings of fallings.
Pointing trowel
Image from published plateA Pointing Trowel, is long and narrow in the flat or face part, with which Joints and Creeks and Crevices, are filled with Plaster and Mortar.
Level
LXXX. He beareth a Level, with the
Line and Plummet pendant. This is the
only Level without any addition or Substraction,
being an instrument that will plainly declare the fall and
rising of the parts it stands upon, thereby to make it
even with less difficulty.
Billet
LXXXI. In this quarter I have placed three sorts of
Billets or Stones for Masons work, as I have seen
them drawn of old, which for distinction may be thus
termed.
The first a square Billet, or a square Stone Billet, or a square Ashler, because it is four square in its breadth, and being long makes it to be Blazoned a Billet, which is any thing, be it Paper, Wood, or Stone, or any Metal that is square and long; or a long square.
Billet
Image from proof plateThe second is a Billet, or a Stone Billet; Masons and Brick layers in their terms will call it either an Ashler, or a Brick, or a Brick Bat, because the breadth is larger than the thickness, and the length more than the squareness.
Billet
Image from proof plateThe third is a Billet made after the old manner, rather square than long; and hath been termed, as thus it stands, both a Billet, and a Stone Billet. This is by Artists called a Parallel side Billet, or a Bevile Billet, because the sides are of an equal length, but the ends run askew.
Brick
Image from proof plateLXXXII. He beareth a Brick and a Tile: These are severally termed by Work-men, both ancient and modern, as The first is called a Brick, or a Brick Stone, or Brick-Bat, whose whole thickness is not half that of the breadth, being a long square, having the Angles right but not of equal length, the sides oblong to the ends.
Tile
Image from proof plateThe second is a Tile, or a square Tile, whose superficies is of an equal breadth, but much short of it in the solid or thickness. Some term this a Delfe, because of its squareness, but in a Delfe there is nothing of a thickness to be seen as there is in this; for in these things you are to take notice that there is a great difference in things of thickness or substance, and the like things which carry no thickness at all; as in this of the Tile and a Delfe, a Fess couped and a Humett; as lib.1. cap.4. numb. 63. 64. and of a Billet and a Stone, and a Billet or an Ashler, as numb.73. 81. 82.
Roman tile
Image from proof plateLXXXIII. He beareth a Roman Tile and a Stone Billet, the latter charged with an Imbossed Work of Flowers and Branches. The first is termed a Roman Tile, by reason such have been often found in the Earth with Roman Letters upon them, made as is very certain by the Roman Legion Soldiers when they Inhabited these parts: Several have been found in Vaults and Cellars in Chester, having these Letters moulded thereon, LEG. XXV. V. signifying Legio, Vicessimus Quintus, Victrix; that the 25 Legion called Victrix was Quartered here. These Tiles are generally a foot or 14 Inches square.
Stone billet
Image from proof plateThe second is a Stone Billet adorned with Carved Work, which kind of Bilets are often born by the Germans and Dutchmen.
Bundle of laths
LXXXIV. He beareth a Fasce, or Bundle,
or Bunch of Laths. See
lib.2. cap.3. numb.86.
Wheel barrow
LXXXV. He beareth a Wheel-Barrow.
This is an Instrument much used by Workmen of the Trowel, for the Transporting of their Materials (or the work) from place to place; though
the thing carried be of great Burthen, yet by the help
thereof, and the Labour of one Man, it is with much
ease brought to the place designed.
Pick
Image from published plateIn the chief of this square, is another kind of Pick than what is mentioned formerly, having nothing but a sharp point, and an eye at the contrary end to fix an Handle in.
Barrow
LXXXVI. He beareth a Barrow.
This is also termed a Bearing Barrow, because Burthens are carried on it between two persons: Also an Hand-Barrow, being supported by hands, to distinguish it from the Barrow that
runneth upon a Wheel.
Paver's mall
LXXXVII. He beareth a Pavers Malve,
or Maule. This
I found among a parcel of Dutch Coats.
And I could give it no fitter a term, seeing it hath the near resemblance of the Pavers
Mauls used in our Country;
by means whereof the Paved Stones are beaten and driven close together into the ground.
Paver's mall
LXXXVIII. He beareth a Pavers Maul,
or Mall, or Mallet, of some termed a Driver.
Here I have set two forms of making them, the one
a solid piece of Timber with a handle set on the side, for
the more easie lifting of it, having a place on the top
for the other hand, to hold it also by.
The other being a Chub or Log of Wood, with a
Staile or Stake fixed therein, and a Handle on the
side, to lift it up thereby, but the former is more
used.
Plasterer's whitening brush
LXXXIX. He beareth a Plasterers Whitening Brush. These kind of Artificers have
generally two sorts of Brushes, the one set crooked or
bending on the end of a Staff, which is put into it,
according to that length the Work-Man is to reach.
The other is an Hand-Brush, having an Handle
about half a yard or longer (for shorter they are not
to use) by which they lay Whiting and Russet, within
their own compass or reaching, which kind of Brush is
here set in the second place of this quarter.
See chap.9. numb.160.
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