At n.11. Adde these to things for distillation, ca.11.
Bain marie
The form of the furnace called Balneum Mariae,
it is made long that it may containe many vessells,
and hath sundry doores that the waters may heat
together alike, whither they be set in water, or
sifted Ashes or Sand.
Distillation by descension
The forme of the Distillatory by which water
of oyles are drawn out of simples by Heat of fire
descending and is by the Latine Chymists termed
distillation per descensum.
Double bodied glass
A double bodied Glass, In the like maner is the
trible or three bodied glass made.
Distillation by ascension
The forme of the distillatory for the drawing of
waters and oyles out of simples by Heat of fire
ascending which is termed distilling per Ascensum.
Bain marie
The forme of the still or Balneum Mariae,
wherein the things to be distilled are put up and
closed in a cucurbit, or Retort (which are Instruments of glass for distilling being larg at the
bottom) and set ouer the heat of fire and set in a
furnice filled with fine sand or Ashes. There is an
other square still of this forme.
Glass working furnace
This is a furnice for the closeing of the mouths
or necks of glass bottles together. It is made all
of Iron cast with an hole in the side and set in an
Iron Brandrat: and reaching aboue the furnice top
set a strong paire of Tongs with broad ends, so
that the neck of the glass being made hot, with the
glowing tongs it is wringed or squeesed together,
and so closely vnited as if it were whole.
Sublimation furnace
This is the description of an other furnace made
4 square to be used as well for oyles, as other
liquors and Minerall waters done by Sublimation,
which may be built on such wise as it may be
remoued from place to place in any chamber, being
fixed on a square thick plank.
a. The Arch doore, where the ashes falling from the coales are drawn out.
B. The Iron grate on which the fire is kindled.
c. the height of the Brick work, being about 2 feet.
D. The thick plank with 4 short feet, on which the furnice is built.
e. The Pan, haueing a broad rim at the top and round below.
f. the Vent holes at the 4 corners on the top.
G. the larg round hole in the midle, into which the brass or copper Pan is fixed, haue a cross barr vnder it for to rest vpon, which is usually filled with water or fine sand.
H. The Cucurbit or Retort, with its head, in which the Matter to be distilled is put, and through which the liquor descends. This furnace is made close on all sides saue 2 doores into which the fire is put, and the ashes taken out; this figure being made open at the top, to shew the maner of it within.
Distillation by descension
The form or maner of distillation by Hot dung or in the
earth is wrought on this wise; two pots well glased are
set one within the mouth of the other the upper haueing
the matter or ingredients in to be distilled and full of small
holes at the bottom, which being so set are well stopt and
Luted together, and after well dried the under pot is couered
with horse dung or earth, up to the edge or brime or higher; if
with earth make an easie fire about the upper pot and as it
heates it will cause a liquor to fall through the holes into the
belly of the under Pot. This is termed a distilling by
descention.
Distillation by the sun
The forme of the vessells or Limbeck of glass by which
waters are distilled by the heat of the sun, by meanes of a
Burning glass set opposit to it, whereby the heat reflects vpon
it and so cause a distillation.
Distillation tower
The Philosophers Tower, this the Artist first named soe
and is a kind of Tower furnace, wherewith a man may distill
both water and oyle with one only fire, also it serveth to
circulate, dry up, and sublyme with great facility, besides the
commodity of distilling by a Balneo Mariae, fixed on its top.
as the figure sheweth.
The Maner of the Tower is four square, with vent holes in the sides: the height about a yard and halfe and three foot broad, at the vent holes is built four little furnaces half round, that the fire made in the Tower on a great, may passe into the small furnaces, on which may be set or placed glass bottles, Retorts, or other vessells for distillations: and the same may be set on the top of the Tower, which is couered close with a plate of Iron. Some authors call this a distillation Tower which may be built round or square or six cornered, as broad and high as a man pleaseth with the grate within for the coales and a square hole for the aire to come in; on each square may be built a furnace, and haue a vent hole throw the tower for the flame to come into them, to each of the holes ought a plate of Iron or Register of Iron, boared with 3 or 6 holes or more, one directly ouer an other: which plate is to be drawn up or let down ouer the vent holes into the furnaces, either to abate or increase the heat therein, as the Chymist seeth cause.
Distillation tower
This is the form of another Tower distillatory, but
four square in the foundation with a round tower in the
midst, at whose corners were 4 vessells placed, and
Regesters made for them to abate or increase the heat,
as in the aboue said Towers.
Register
The form of the Registers.
Reverberatory furnace
The furnace of Reverbaration. This is made round
within and square on the outsides with Brick, with a
drawing hole at the bottom to take out the ashes, aboue
which are 3 or 4 Barrs for the coales, with an hole to
put them in, and an other vent hole aboue that, for fire
and smoak to com forth: at which is lay 2 Iron Barrs
more, for a melting vessell, crucible, or the like used
to calcyne withall: the top must be couered, so as to
take on and off at pleasure. This furnace served also
as for Reverbaration, so for calcyning, cymenting and
smelting.
Distillation furnace
A Round distilling Furnace, with a Grate for the
coales to burn vpon and vent holes about, and a Luted
vessell set on the top. This kind of furnace seueth
for distilling of waters, oyles, &c. by the help of a Pan
set on the head filled with water or sand.
Still for distilling oil of vitriol
The furnace for the drawing forth of the oyle of
Vitriall; It serveth forthe drawing of other oyles,
whose seuerall parts are these.
a. The doore to draw out the ashes, and the air entreth in to nurish the fire.
b. the Barrs on which the fire is made.
c. the slow Harrie, by which the coales are poured in to maintaine the fire.
d. the retort, or crooked body of Glass, with the ouer thwart Barrs which it rests vpon.
e. the Receiuer, or Vessell that reciues the Liquor as it falls from the crooked neck of the Retort.
f. The vent holes for the smoak to issue out at the 4 corners.
g. The great hole on the top which is closed with a square couer and Luted about.
h. The head of the couer.
Grate
The grate set in the midle of the furnace.
Still head
The Head of a common still by which all sorts of waters
from Herbs and flowers are distilled.
Still bottom
The Bottom of the common still, which hath put into it,
the leaves and flowers from whence water is drawn: and
is made fast in the said common furnace.
Still furnace
The furnace for the common still whose part I need not
describ seeing it is so commonly in use amongst us. See
C.11. n.1. 2.
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