Book III, Chapter 15, Section 2b Boats and ships:Texts

Boats and ships Book III, Chapter 15, Section 2b

Chapter 15, Item 45a
Ships blocks types
Sorts of Ship blocks
The sheat block.
The tack block.
The fish block.
The knights, or winding tackles block.
The Ram head, a block with three sheevers in, and at the end of it is reeved the ties: the block is only for the main, and fore-hilliards.
The snatch block, is a great on with one sheever, and a notch cut through one of the cheekes of it, to reeve a rope into it. Dead-mens-eye are a kind of block, wherein there are many holes but no sheevers, wherein the Lanniers goe, that make fast the shrowds to the chaines, and used with seuerall tackles.
The Block at Dauids end.
The snap block, is seldome used but for heauing goods and ordinance in and out.
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Chapter 15, Item 45b
Ships block parts
The seuerall parts of a pulley or block.
The cheekes, are the sides of the
block. The eye of the straps of the block, is the compasse or ring, which is left of the strap wherein a block is seased.
The strap, is the rope as compasseth the block about by which it hangs.
Some say reeue in the tie; put the tie through it hole.
The sheevers, are the turns or wheeles within the blocks on which the ropes turn, some are made of brasse, others of wood: and them not of whole onely, but of quarter peeces let in to each other: which are called quarter sheevers.
Cocks are little square brasses with a hole in them, put in the midle of the greatest wooden sheevers, to keep them from splitting and gulling or wearing by the pin they turn vpon.
The pin of the block, on which the sheever turns.
A kink, or chink, is a spliting, or cracking of the sheever so that the rope cannot run through.
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Chapter 15, Item 49a
Things of beauty
There are three things (saith one) which excell all others for beautifull shew; a goodly man at Armes, brauely mounted on a warlike steed; a woman of faire, and goodly feature, bearing a great belly; and a goodly ship in her ruffe and vnder full saile.
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Chapter 15, Item 49b
Ships timbers
The names of all the parts of a ship, or peeces of Tymber used about it.
The Beake or Beake-head, is that part which is fastned to the stem of the ship, and supported with a Knee, which is fastned vnto the stem, and is called the main knee. This is generally set forth with carved worke.
The Beake-head steeves, or stands steeving, that is, stands very much with the outward most end vp, towards the bolt-sprit.
The Beame or Beames are the cross tymber which keep the ship sides asunder and doe support the decks or Orlops; according to the strength of these beames, a ship is the better, or worse able to carry ordinance.
The Tire of Beames in Hold, that is a row of beames whereon lyes a deck.
The Maine Beame, is that next to the maine mast, at which place is the breadth of the ship: it is also called the Midship beame, for from it is all the beames both fore-ward and aft-ward, by the name of the first, second, third, &c beame, fore-ward and aft-ward.
The Bend, or Wale, is the outermost tymber on the ship-side, and are its cheife strength, to these the futtocks and knees of the beames are bolted: and are termed by the name of the first, second or third bend or wale: begining with that next the water.
The Bildge or Buldge of a ship is taken either for the bredth of the floore whereon the ship doth rest, when she is aground, or when she strikes on a rock, or on an Anchor, or the like, and breaks off her tymber or planks there, and so springs a leak.
The Bittakle [sic] is a close cupbord placed in the steeridge before the whip or tiller, whereon the compasse stands: it is not fastned togather with iron nayles, but wooden pins, because that Iron will draw the needle of the compasse, so that it will neuer stand true.
The Bitts, are the two main square peeces of tymber, which stand piller wise and are commonly placed abaft the manger, in the Loofe of the ship: and are to make fast or belage the cabell.
The Bowe, is that part of the ship which is broadest before, and begins from the Loofe, till it come compassing about towards the stem. A bold Bowe, is a broad round Bowe; a Lean Bowe, is a narrow thin bow: the bow peece is that which lieth in the Bow.
The Bulke, is the whole content in Hould; as to say, a Ship of a great Bulke, is as much as to say she will stow much goods.
The Bulkehead, is any diuision which is made crosse the ship with boards, whereby one rome is divided from an other, as the bulke head of a cabbin, the bulke head of a halfe deck, of the bread rome, gun rome, or the like.
The Buoy, is a peece of wood, or barrell, or the like, which floats right ouer the anchor, and is made fast to it by a rope vnto the flook. It shews where the Anchor lyeth, and helpeth to weigh the anchor with a boat, which is sooner done than to weigh it with the ship.
The Buttock, is the bredth of the ship, right a-stern, from a Tuck vpwards: and is therefore according as she is built, broad or narrow at the transom, or laying out of the stern, it is said that the ship hath a broad or narrow buttock.
The Capstine, or main casiaine; is a peece of tymber ouer placed, next the main mast, the foot standing in a step, on the lower deck, and the head betwixt the two vper decks. The parts are these, the foot, the spindle, the Whelps, the Barrell and the holds for the Barrs, and the darle of Iron.
The Capstain, or Geere capstain, is a smaller then the former and is placed in the same maner, betweene the main and fore masts; the use of these are to weigh Anchors, and hoise top masts, or to heave in anything of weight, as Ordinance or the like.
The Capstain barres, are small peeces of tymber put through the square holes of the barrell of the capstain: which being of equal length on both sides, men thereby heave and turn about the capstain.
The Carlings, are those tymbers that ly alongst the ship, from one beame to an other, on them the ledges do rest, wherevnto also the planks of the deck are fastned.
The Carling knee, are tymbers which come Thwart ships from the ship sides to the Hatch-way, which is betweene the two masts: these beare vpon them the deck, on both sides the masts: and on the ends ly the coaming hatches.
The Catt, is a peece of tymber fastned aloft, right ouer the Hawse, and hath at the end of it, two sheevers, wherein is receiued a rope, with a block, wherevnto is fastned a great hooke, of Iron, after the maner of a double tackle. By the help of this, they trise vp the anchor from the Hawse to the top of the fore-castle.
The Catt-holes, are two little holes ouer the gun rome-ports a-stern: to bring the cabell or Hawser to the capstain: the stern ports being not so good, because they ly not euen with the capstain.
The Chaine walls, is a broad tymber, set on the out side of the ship, then the ordinary walls, and is made of purpose to spread out the shrowds wider, to succour the mast.
The Cheekes, are two peeces of tymber, which are fitted on each side the mast, from the Honnes to the vper end of the mast, to strengthen the mast there, also the knees which fasten the beak-head to the bow of the ship are called cheekes.
The Chetterers, are two small peeces of tymber with a hole in them, in which the main tack is haled downe. These are placed a little abaft of the Loofe of the ship, the one on one side and the other on the other. They are called also ches-trees.
The Clamps, are those thick tymbers which ly fore and aft, close vnder the beames of the first orlep or deck: and doe beare them vp at either end. They are the same as Risings are to the other decks.
The Coaming or Coamings of the Hatches, or the gratings, is that peece of timber or plank which bears vp higher then the decks, so as not to ly euen with the decks: these are to keep the water from runing downe at the hatches.
The Combe, is a small pece of tymber set vnder the lower part of the Beak head, neere the midst with 2 holes in it, and is just in the nature and for the use of the fore tacks, as the ches-trees haue to the main tacks, which is to bring the tack aboard.
The Cownter is the hollow arching part in the ship stern, betweene the Transom and the lower part of the Gallary, this is the lower counter; the vper, is from the Gallary to the lower part of the vpright of the stern. This is the Cocounter.
The Crosse peece, is a great peece of timber, which goes cross the bit-pips; and is that wherevnto they belay the Gabell.
The Davitt, is a peece of Timber, with a notch at one end where is hung a block by a strap, called the fish block, by which they hale vp the flook of the Anchor to the ship bow or loofe. It is shifted to any side, as there is occasion.
The Deck, is the floare of plank where the ordinance is placed: they are called by the name of the first, second, and third deck, beginning at the lowest. they are called also Orlops.
The Halfe deck, which is from the main mast to the stem. The quarter deck, is from steeridge aloft to the masters cabbin.
The Spar deck, which is the vpermost, betwixt the two masts and is made very slight.
The Fashion peeces, are the two peeces of tymber, which do describe the bredth of the ship stern, and are the outwardmost tymber of the ships stern, on either side, except aloft where the cocounter is counted.
A Former, is a peece of wood turned round.
The Futtocks or foot hooks, are those compassing tymbers, which giue the bredth and bearing to the ship, the ribbs of the ship, which are scarfed to the keele or ground tymbers. Now because no timber can be long enough for this purpose may peeces are scarfed and ioyned one to an other; those next the keele, are called the lower ground futtocks, the other are called the upper futtocks.
The Garboard, is the first plank that is brought on the side of the ship next the Keele, called also the Garbell strake. The Garboard Strake, is the first seame next to the keele. The Gratings, are small ledges layd one crosse an other like a portcullesse or prison grate, set vnto the top of the ship sides to secure men, and are in seuerall place of the ship to giue aire and light, but chiefly ouer the ordinance, to take away the smoke of the powder.
The Gripe of the ship, is the compasse and sharpnesse of the stem vnder the water, especially towards the lower parts.
The Ground Tymber, are those parts that are fast layd ouer the keele, and so bolted through the keelson to the keele, and are those which make the floare of the ship.
The Gun wale, is that peece of tymber which reacheth on either side the ship from the halfe deck to the forecastle (being the uppermost bend as it were), and finished the vpper walls of the hull in that place; and wherein the stanshions are to support the wast-trees. It is called the gun wale whether there be any guns in it or not. Also the lower part of any port, where any ordinance doth lye, is called the Gun Wale.
A Hands peeke, is a wooden Leaver, which is used in stead of a croa of Iron, to traverse the Ordinance; but especially to the windlasse in the ships to heaue vp the anchor by.
The Harpings of a ship, is the breadth of her at the bowe: also the ends of the bends, which are fastned in to the stem and called Harpings.
The Hatches, are those loose parts, and as it were doores of the deck, which are in the mid-ship before the main mast, that is opened to let downe things into the hould: they haue at each corner a sheakle or ring of Iron to lift them vp by.
The Hatch way, is the place ouer the Hatches.
The Hawses are the great holes before and vnder the head out of which the cabells do come when the ship lyes at anchor.
The Head, is taken for all the fore part of the ship from the fore mast. Se Beake head.
The Helme or Rudder staffe, is that peece of timber that the Helmes-men or pilot, doth hold in his had to steere and gouerne the rudder. In small ships they use to put a whip to the other end of the helme and so steere and gouerne the hem-lme by that.

The Hookes of a Ship are all the forked timbers placed vpright on the keele, both in the rake and run of the ship; these giue the breadth and narrowing of the ship in those parts according as they are framed. They are bolted into the keele.
The Breast hookes are the compassing timbers which are before and hely [sic] to strengthen the stem and forepart of the ship.
The Howsing in of a ship, is when she is past the bredth of her bearing she is brought in narrow to her vpper workes.
The Keele, is the first timber which is laid of a ship, and is the Bases whereon all the rest are fastned, and so much is to be accounted the keele as lieth in a straight line: at the one end is fastned in the stem: and the other end, is let in the stern post. A Bold Keele is a deepe keele: a False Keele is to put an other vnder the first when the keele is not deep enough.
The Kevells are small peeces of tymber nayled to the inside of the ship vnto which are be-layd the sheats and tacks.
The Knees are those crooked timbers which are boweing like mens knees. They hold the beames and futtocks togather.
The Knights, of which there are two, the Main-Knight, and the fore-Knight, one stands aft the main, the other abaft the fore-mast, vpon the second deck fast bolted to the beames they are peeces of tymber wherein is found sheevers for ropes to run in.
The Limbers or Limber holes, are square little holes cut in the bottome of all the ground timber and Hookes next the keele, to let water in the ship pass to the well of the pumpe.
The Loofe of the ship is counted that part aloft the ship, which lies just before the ches-trees as fare as the Bulk head of the castle: therefore the peeces of ordinance which lye there the Loofe peeces.
The Manger, is a place made with boards to receiue the water that is driven in at the hawses in distresse of weather, while the ship lies at anchor: and is to keep it from runing into the hould.
The Out-Licker, is a small peece of tymber, made fast to the top of the Poope, and so stand right out astern, at the vtmost end is a hole where is fixed a Block; which is used to hale downe the missen sheate.
The Pillow, is that tymber on which the bolt-sprit beares at the coming out of the hull, called the pillow of the bolt-sprit.
The Poope of the ship is the vttermost part of the stern of the ships hull and is the deck ouer that which is the masters cabbin.
The Port or port holes, are those holes on the ship sides, through which the ordinances are put out.
The Prowe, is the foremost part of the ship aloft, and not between decks or in hould, as, enter into the prowe, is goe into the forecastle; the prowe peeces are those as lye aloft before, and it is most truly vnderstood for that part which is betweene the chase and the Loofe.
The Pumpe, is that by which water is drawn out of the hould vpon any leak or tempest of weather. The terme is for pumping to pump by spells, and at Bur pumps by strokes, and at a chaine pump the spells goe by glasses, as a spell of 500 strokes. The pump sucks, that is, it drawes wind and hath no water.
The Pump dale, is the trough where in the water doth run along the deck, out at the Skupper holes.
The Quarter or ships quarter, is that part which is from the steeridge, to the Transome or fashion peece.
The Quoynes or Cantick Quoynes short boards made 3 square, to put betwene caske at the bildge hoops to keep the casks steddy from rowling one against an other.
The Rake of a ship, is as much of her hull as doth ouer hang both ends of the keele.
The Ranges, are small peeces of tymber which goe from one side the ship to the other and fastned to two timbers, which haue pins through to fasten ropes vnto. There are two of these, one is vpon the fore-castle fore the fore-mast, the other in the beake head before the mouldings of the bolt-sprit.
The Ribbs of the ship, the same to futtocks, but if two ships in a sea gate ly aboard on an other, and with the weight haue broke any of the futtocks; sea men will say she hath broak some of her ribbs.
The Ribbs of the parrells, are little long wooden peeces with holes vnder the beak head, and do belong to the parrells of the yard.
The Riders are great tymbers both in the hould and aloft, which are not properly in the building of the ship but put in to make it the more stronger.
The Riseings, are those thick planks which goe afore and after on the ends of beames and tymber of the second and third decks but the planks which beare vp the ends of the lower deck are called Lamps.
The Riseing timber are the Hookes placed on the Keele, which as they rise by little and little so the Rake and run of the ship riseth from her flat floare.
The Roofe trees, are light wood that goes ouer the decks and fore-castle to beare vp the gratings and ledges wherein the netting ly.
The Rowler, is a round peece of timber, and is made to turn round.
The Rudder, is the peece of timber, that hangs at the sterne post of the ship haueing foure five or six Irons called pintells, which hang in Gudgings or socketts at the stern post. The hanging of the Rudder, is the putting to of it. The Inside of the Rudder is that next the stern post. The Rake of the Rudder is the afte most part of it. This is the bridle which gouernes the ship, and is made broad or narrow according as the ship feels it.
The run of a ship, is that part of the hull vnder water, which comes lanke and thinne away by degrees from the floore timber all along to the stern post.
The Runges, or Rung heads, the same to hooks and futtocks.
The Scuttle, is a square hole in the decks so big as one man may goe downe from deck to deck, they are holes also for aire and light: they haue all couers for them lest men fall downe them in the night.
The Skegg is that little part of the Keele, which is cut slanting, and is left a little with out the stern post.
The Keelson, is the inward part of the Keele.
The Cubbridgh head. v. [sic]
The Navall timber.
The Midle Bands, are planks of six Inches thick for binding within on the floore of the ship.
The Orlopp beames, are the beames on which the floore of the first and second story or stories rest, vnder the deck.
The Skuppers or Skupper holes, are the holes all along the deck sides, through which the water runs off the decks.
The Skupper Leathers are round leathers naile ouer the said holes which keepes the sea water out, yet lets water run off the decks.
The Sleepers, are those timbers, which ly fore and aft of the bottom of the ship on either side of the Keelson.
The Spurketts are the holes or spaces betweene the fottocks or ribbs of the ship.
The Sterne, all the aftermost part of the ship is generally called the stern; but most exactly considered, onely the very outmost part is the stern: for the quarter is from the steering to the transom and fashion peece of the stern.
The Stem of the ship, is all that great timber, which comes compasseing from the Keele, vp before the fore castle.
The Stepp is that peece of tymber, which is made fast to the Keelson wherein the main mast stands. Also those places and timbers where the Missen, foremast, and capstaine do stand are called stepps.
The Stirrop, is a peece put into the keele, which by mischance hath receiued some hurt: making it fast there till a further tyme of mending.
The Swifters are things that belong to the maine and fore-mast and are to succour the shrowds, and keepe stiffe the Mast.
The Thaughts, are the seats, whereon those that rowe doe site in the boat.
The Throwles are the small pins which the oares beare against when they rowe.
The Tiller is that in a boate which Helme is in a ship: and is all one in use.
The Transome, is that timber which lieth athwart the stern of the ship betweene the two fashion peeces, and doth lay out her breadth at the Buttock.
The Tree-nells, are the long wooden pins made of heart of Oake, wherewith are fastned all the planke vnto the timbers; if any come out againe it is termed a staring of the Tree-nell.
The Wast, is that part of the ship which is betweene the main-mast and the fore-castle.
The Wast boards, are those set vp in the wast of the ship to keepe the waues of the sea from breaking into them.
The Wedges, are taper peeces of wood, which are used to make fast the mast in the partners, and in the heeles of the top Masts: with seuerall other places where fastness is required.
The Whelpes, are like brackets set to the bodye of the capstaine close vnder the bars downe to the deck.
The Whip, is the staffe which the steere man doth hold in his hand whereby he gouerns the helme, and doth port it ouer from one side to the other. It hath a ring at one end which is put ouer the end of the Helme, and so comes through the rowle vp into the steeridge.
The Whoodins, are the planks which are ioyned and fastned along the ship sides, into the stem.
The Windlasse is a peece of tymber 6 or 8 square, vpon which they wind the cabell when the anchor is drawne vp: it is turned about with hand speekes put into holes made a each end.
This much concerning the seuerall parts of a ship, now for the romes contained therein.
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Chapter 15, Item 49c
Ships parts
The severall Roomes in a ship or man of war.
The Hull, is the very body or bulk of the ship without Masts, yards, ropes, or sailes.
The Hould, is all the rome betweene the Keelson and the first or lower deck, it is where all the victualls, goods and stores do lie: yet it is diuided into seuerall romes with bulk heads as:
The Stewards Rome.
The Powder Rome, is that rome in the hould, where the Gun powder is layd; the greatest care in placing this rome, must be to haue it furthest from the use of any fire, and free from the danger of shott.
The Boarswaines, or Bowsons rome.
The Captains cabbin, or great cabbin.
The Masters cabbin, or round house, it is the uppermost roome of the stern of the shipp. this is generally the Maisters cabbin.
The Missen cabbin.
The Steeridge rome, is the place where they steere and guide the ship, out of which the Pilate or Maister may se the Leetch of the sailes, to se if they be in the wind or not.
The Gun rome: are the seuerall romes in a ship where great Guns are placed.
The Forecastle or prowe.
The Cooke Roome or Kitchen.
The Bread rome.
The Pouches, are small Bulk heads mad in the Hould either athwart or along the ship: which is to carry corne (or any such goodes that will shoot ouer from one side to an other) and to keepe it vp. Also such bulks are made to keep vp the Ballast when a ship is to be Carreen'd.
The Peeke, is a rome in the ships hould, from the Bitts forward to the stem, some call it the fore-peek of the ship: In the Kings shipps the powder is placed there; Merchant men place their victualls there being bound out ward: But other men of war (which are full of men) do use it to lodge some of the company.
The Poope, is the vppermost part astern of the ships hull, and is the dock ouer that which is the Maisters cabbin.
The Gallary is the walke on the out side of the stern of the ship and is placed betweene the transome and the lower part of the vpright of the stern.
The Decks, are the seuerall stories in a ship from the Hould or Belly in which all the stowage lyeth. The decks is the places wherein and whereon is placed the ordinance, they are also called by the name of Orlops, as the first and second Orlop, begining at the lowest: which terme is onely appropriated to these two decks or storyes: for if a ship haue three decks the vppermost is neuer called an Orlop, but a deck. As the ship hath a Tire of ordinance, on the first and second Orlopp and also vpon the vpper deck, the Orlop is generally six foote high.
The Hamacke is little lodging places in each cabbin, some haue 2. 3. or 4. Boxes in the cabbin or cubbords (as it were) on the cabbin side to goe in when they please to rest.
The Lockers, are little boxes or cubbords which are made by the ship sides to put in shot by the peeces: or if such be made in any rome they are called by the common name of Locketts.
The Lanthorne, it is to set lights In to steere by, and to keep other ships that they fall not foule vpon one an other in their saileing togather.
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Chapter 15, Item 49d
Naval ranks
The Officers of a ship, or in a Navy for fighting and saileing.
The Admirall or Lord Admirall.
The Vice Admirall.
The Reare Admirall.
The Treasurer.
The Controller.
The Surveyor.
The Captaine, is to command all and to tell the maister to what port he will goe, and to giue direction in a fight.
The Leiutenant is to associate with the captaine, and in his absence to execute his place, and se the Marshall and corporall do their dutyes. In a fight the fore castle is his place to make good, as the captaine dothe the halfe deck: and the quarter maister the mid ship.
The Gunner, or Maister Gunner, hath the charge of the Ordinance, shot, powder, match, ladles, spunges, cartrages, Armes and fireworks and the other gunners to receiue their charge from him according to direction and to giue an account of their store.
The Gunners Mate and quarter gunner, are his second and third gunners.
The souldiers are diuided one halfe to the starboord, and the other to the Lard boord, as they are choosen by the Maister one, and the Mate an other and soe forward, then each man is to chuse his Mate, consort or comrade, then are they diuided into squadrons according to their number, and so appointed for their watch, they are termed a crew of souldiers. The Maister is to direct the course of the ship, command the sailers for steering, triming the sailes, and sailing the ship. The Maisters Mates, are his seconds, and are allowed some tymes for the two midshipmen, that ought to take charge of the first prize.
The Pilot, when they make to land, takes the charge of the ship till he bring her to Harbour.
The Cape Merchant, hath the charge of the the caragasoune or Merchandize in the Cargoe. In a man of warr there is no need of such.
The Purser, doth keep an account of all that is receiued and deliuered.
The Boatswayne is to have the charge of all the cordage, tacklings, sailes, Fids and marling spikes, needles, Twine and saile-cloth and to se to the safe rigging of the ship.
The boatswaynes Mate, is to have the command of the long board for the seting forth the anchors, waying and fetching them home, and to se to his warping, toweing and moreing, and to giue account of his store.
The saylors, are to se to the manageing of the sailes with all the tackles to them belonging: these are the auncient men.
The carpenter and his mate, are to haue the Nayles and clinches, plates, rudder Irons, with all other sorts of Nayles, Leather, sawes, files, Hatchets and such like, and euer to be ready for caulking, Breaming, stopping of leakes, fishing and spliceing the Masts or yards, as occasion requireth, and to giue an account of his store.
The Chyrurgion, and his Mate, are exempted from all duty but to attend the sick and cure the wounded. They are to be furnished with phisick and surgery in their chest.
The Marshall is to punish offenders and to se Justice executed according to direction, as ducking at a yards arme: Hawleing vnder the keele: bound to the capstern or main-mast with a baskett of shott about their neck: setting in the Billows, with other such punishments. But the Boatswayne is to heare the boyes euery Moonday say their compasse, which done they are to haue a quarter can, and Basket of Bread.
The Corporall is to se the setting and releiuing of the watch and se all the souldiers and sailers keep their Armes cleane neat and yare; and to teach them their use.
The Steward and his mate, is to deliuer out the victualls, according to the captaines direction, and messe them 3. 5 . or 6. as there is occasion.
The Quarter Maister, hath the charg of the hould for stowage, rommage, and trimming the ship, and of their squadrons for their watch, a Sayne, a Fisgig, a Harping Iron, Fish hookes for Porgos, Bonettos or dorados &c: and rayling lines for mackerell.
The Cooper and his mate, is to looke to the caske, Hoopes and Twiggs: to stave or repair the Bucketts, baricoes, cans, steepe-tubbs, rundletts, Hogs heads, pipes, butts &c. for wine, beere, Syder, Beverage, fresh water or any other Liquour.
The Cooke and his mate is to dresse and deliuer out the victualls he hath in his store, quarter cans, halfe and small cans, platters, spoons, lanthorns &c. and is to giue an account of the remainder.
The Coxswaine, is to haue a choyce to attend the skiffe or small boate, and to goe to and againe as occasion comandeth.
The Swabber, is to wash and keep cleane the ship and maps.
The Lyer, is to hold his place but for a weeke; for he that is first taken with a lye, euery Moonday is so proclaimed at the main-mast by a generall cry (a lyer, a lyer, a lyer) he is vnder the swabber; and is onely to keep cleane the beak-head and chaines.
The Younkers, are the yong men called, fore mast men, who are to take in the top sailes, or top and yard; to furle and sling the main-saile, bousing, Try sing, and takeing their turne at the helme.
The Caulker, is the workmann as caulkes or driues in the Ockham Flax, spun haire, and the like into the seames, rends and treenells throughout the ship.
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Chapter 15, Item 49e
Ships & boats
The names of all ships and Boats, now in use, and generally knowne to vs in England. [The references are to the squares on the plate.]
A Rush boat. Exo.2.3.
A Coricle or Codicle, boats of twigs or osiars and couered with Leather. n. 21.
A Cock boat, or fishers boat, n.24.23.
A Ferry boat. n.43.44.
A Boat or skiffe or skipp. Light boats to hoyse in and out for a ship quickly.
A Tumbrell boat, a flat bottomed boat. n.19.
A Long Boat. n.27.
A Skuller. n.20.22.
Small vessell for trafick.
Pyker or pycar, a kind of ship, which we now call a pykeroon, a pirat ship.
Pleasure Boat. 40.39.
Barge.
A Caruell or carvill, a coale boat, a Barke.

A Craes	}	Small vessell for carriage
A small craft	}	of goods to
An Hoye	}	larger boats.

A Foyht. A pinke. Gabott. n.42.
A Ketch, a gard ship, or scout ship.
A Clincher, a small ship whose planks and boards are larded ouer one an other and clinched or nayled one through an other.
A Shallop. Se Skiffe.
A Crumster.
An Allowne, and a Burton are small French ships.
A Galleon, or Gallions or Galley. n.47.
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Chapter 15, Item 49f
Men of war
Ships for Warr
Ship, a generall term for all vessells of Burthen that haue masts, sailes and tackles.
A merchant man. (n.46.) a ship for burthen yet carryeth many guns.
Fire ship. n.41.
A ship boat, a large boat to attend on a man of warr.
A Friggett n.49. ) war ships.
A pinnice n.50. )
A man of war, a large ship made for sea fights. n.51. 52.
A man of war of the first rate which carryeth 120 guns, of the second rate which carryeth 100 guns, of the third rate 80 guns, of the fourth fift and sixth rates which carry guns answerable to their stoage.
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Chapter 15, Item 49g
Ships yardage
The names of all the Masts, caps, and yards, with what other things of wood pertaines to them.
1. The Boule spritt.
The Bolt spritt, or Boule sprett, this is the leaneing mast which lyeth ouer the stem and hull of the ship, and is so borne vp by a peece of timber called the pillow of the bolt sprit. the mast is of the same length and thickness to the fore mast.
The Spritt saile yard.
The Bolt sprit cap, is the square peece of timber which is put ouer the head of this (or any mast) with a round hole to receiue into it the top mast or top gallant mast, or Flag staffe; by which the top mast is kept steddy.
The sprit saile top mast, this stands vpright vpon the end of the leaneing, being made fast therein.
The top mast of all the masts is euer halfe as long as the mast vnto which it belongs.
The spritt saile top saile yard.
The cap of the sprit top mast.
The Flagg staffe.

2. The Fore mast.
The Fore mast is the first vpright mast and is sett neere, or in the fore castle: it is euer of the same length with the Bolt spritt.
The Fore yard.
The Fore top, or crosse trees, are those crosse peeces of timber, which are sett on the head of the mast (and all the other masts) being bolted and lett into one another very strong. In a generall appelation, all those foure peeces being so made and but [sic] togather are called the crosse trees: but more strictly those two peeces onely which goe athwart the ship, are the crosse trees: and the other two which goe along the ship are called the Treissell trees, of some termed ches-trees.
The Treissell, Trussell, or Treenell trees, se crosse trees. These serue to keep vp and beare the top mast vpright, haueing the foote of the top mast fastned in it. These also beare on them the top gallants on the head of the top mast. These do necessarily belong to all masts, which carry on them either, top mast top gallant, or Flag staffe at the head.

The fore top mast. Se

The fore top saile yard. these

The fore top gallant mast. in the

The fore top gallant saile yard. main

The Flag staffe. mast

3. The Main Mast. The main mast, is the midle mast in the ship, and is the highest for according to the proportion of the breadth of the ship, so is it height: that is to say, foure of fiue parts of the breadth of the ship, being multiplied by three, is the height required. The height of the fore mast and bolt spritt, four fiftes of the main-mast; and the mizzen is halfe the length of the main-mast, and for the thicknesse of the masts allowing for euery yard in length, one Inch in the diameter. A long mast is termed a Tawnt mast: a short one a low mast.
The step in the Kelson where it puts it heele, as doth also the fore mast.
The Cheekes are two peeces of timber, fixed on each side the mast, from beneath the Hounds to the vpper end of the mast, to strengthen it thereaboute, both for the bearinge of the top mast, and hoysing of the yards. In these are the Honnes made for the ties to run in.
The Hounds or Honnes, are the holes in the cheekes aforesaid: but the top mast hath but one hole aloft in the head of the mast, because it hath but single ties and this is also called the hounds of the top mast.
A Fish, is any peece of timber or plank which is made fast either to mast or yard, to succour or strengthn it, when it is in danger to breake. It is made fast by hollowing it fit for the place, then nayling it, after woulding it about with ropes.
The Heele of the Mast, (or of any mast) is nothing but that part, which is pared away a little, slaunting on the aftward side of the foote of the mast, like a heele: to giue the mast leaue to be stayed aftward on. But the heeles of the top mast are square, and in that they put the Fidd of the top mast.
The Partners, are those timbers, which are bolted to the beames, and do compasse the shoot in the mast at the deck: and are the only strength that doth keep the masts steddy in the stepp; and that it should not roule out the ship side. There are partners at the second deck after the same nature; the Mast doth use to be wedged fast in these. The missen hath but one paire of partners.
The Swifters, are ropes that belong to the main and fore-mast and are to succour the shrowds, and keep stiffe the mast. They haue the pendants, which are made fast vnder the shrowds at the head of the masts with a double block, through which is reeved the swifter.
The main top, or crosse trees: as afore. The top Armours, are the cloathes tied about the tops of the masts for shew: and also to hide men in fight, which lie there to fling fire pots, and use small shott, or the like.
The Cap of the main mast, the same as in the bolt spritt cap.
The Yard Arme, is so much of the yard, as is on either side of the mast outwards, and is so of all saile yards. Some terme the ends of the yards, the yard Arme.
The Main Mast yard, is that yard or crosse beame which is hoysed vp, and lowered downe the said mast. Now as the length of the masts are proportioned by the length of the deck beame so contrarywise the length of the yard is proportioned by the length of the keele; that is to say, to be fiue of six parts of the length of the keele. The Tops saile yard, to be thre of seauen parts of the length of the maine yard, and the main yard for bignesse or thicknesse to three fourths of an Inch, in the diameter, for euery yard in length.
The Parrells or Parcells are those things made of Trucks, and ribbs and ropes which goe about the mast, and are at both ends made fast to the yard; and are so made with Trucks and ribbs, that the yard may slip vp and downe easily. These also hold the yard close to the mast.
The Trucks are the little round things of wood made with holes through, to turne vpon a rope as aforesaid.
The Ribbs, are long wooden peeces which are made with holes like the combe vnder the beake head, and doe belong to the parrells of the yard, are called the ribbs of the parrells.
The Pendants, are short ropes made fast to the end of all the yard Armes, haveing blocks with a sheever in it hanging downe. Such pendants are also made fast at the head of the mast, and back staves.
The Grummetts, are little rings, which are made fast to the vpper side of the yard, with Staples, which are driven into the yard: which are to tie and make fast the casketts to them.
The Main Top mast: is the mast set on the head of the main mast. This and all top masts are euer halfe as long as the Mast vnto which they belong.
The Fidd, is an Iron pin made tapering, and sharp at the lower end, it is put into the heele of the top mast which beares it vpon the ches-trees. the like is in all top masts.
The Lifts, are ropes at the yard arme of all yards, and are only to make the ends of the yards hang higher, or lower, or euen as it pleaseth. But the top saile Lifts do serue her sheats to the top gallant yards as well as for lifts to the top saile yards.
The Main top saile yard.
The Puddings of the yards, are ropes nayled round to the yard Armes of the main and fore yards, close to the end: and so (in three or four more places distant one from an other) upon each yard arme. These are to sarve the Robbins from galling asunder vpon the yards, when the top saile sheats are hoised Home.
The Brest ropes, are the ropes which make fast the parrells to the yard or a rope which latches them to the mast.
The Main top gallant mast: are masts aboue the top masts, set and made fast by caps and crosse trees, as in other masts.
The Main top gallant saile yard.
The Top Main-top gallant mast, of some termed the Top and Top gallant. It is a mast set vpon the head or top of the top gallant: there is none but the main mast hath this and that is but very rearly.
The Cap of the top gallant, is a peece of wood an hole in it to hole the flagg staffe.
The Flag staffe is that on which the Flaggs or Banners or Streamers are sett either by socketts for the staffe to run through, or by.

4. The Missen Mast. The Missen mast is the lowest of all the masts and stands behind the Main mast towards the sterne, and vppon the cabbin there: some greate ships haue and require two missens, then they call that next the main mast the main missen; that next the poop the Bona venture Missen.
The Missen yard, called the Crosse Jack, it is sloong vnder the top of the missen mast, hauing no Hallyards, nor ties belonging to it: It is only to spread, and haile on the Missen top saile sheate.
The Missen top Mast.
The Missen top saile yard.
The Cap of the missen top saile.
The Flagge staffe.

5. The Jury Mast.
The Jury Mast, when any other mast is borne by the boord, then in such extremity, they make a mast with yards, Rouftrees, or what they can, spliced and fished togather.
The great Flagg staffe, which is set vp vpon the highest part of all the stern.
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Chapter 15, Item 49h
Ships tackle and ropes
Other appurtinances belonging to all masts and yards as Tackles and Ropes.
The Stay or back stay. Some terme them stages and back stages. All masts top masts and flagge staffes haue stages of stayes (except the sprit saile top mast) which are called by the names of the masts to which they belong, as the fore stay, Main stay, Missen stay &c: these are made fast by a Lannier to a collar, which comes about the knee of the head to the foote of the fore mast: the main top stay is made fast to the head of the fore mast: the top gallant stay to the head of the fore top mast. The Fore mast and the mast belonging to it, are in the same manner stayed at the Bolt sprott and the Missen stayes to the main mast by the halfe deck.

The Back Stayes of all masts which haue them, as the main and fore masts and the masts, belonging to them, go down to either side of the ship and are to keep the masts from pitching forward or ouer board; as the fore stayes keepe the masts from falling aftwards towards the poope.
The Lannier, or Lanire, are small ropes which are reeved (either in blocks, or dead-mens eyes belonging to them) and are for the stretning of the stayes and all the shrowds and chaines, or to slaken them; also the small ropes which make fast the stoppers of the Hilliards to the hilliards, are called according to their vses, the shrowd Lanirs, the Mast Lanires &c.
The Collars, are the ropes which are made fast about the beak head whervnto a dead-mans eye is seased, vnto which the main-stay is fastned, and the rope about the main-mast head, which is called a garland, or collar: and is there placed to saue the shrowds from galling.
The Coate, is a peece of Tard-canvas, which is put about the Mast, at the partners, and the lumps at the deck, to keep the water that it runs not downe them into the Orlopps or Hould.
The Would or wouldings of the mast or yard: is the ropes about them to keep on a fish. Also the wouldings of the bolt-sprit, are the ropes that come from the Beak-head ouer the Bolt-sprit to lash it fast downe, and keepe it from riseing off the pillow.
The Shrowds are all those great ropes which come from either side of all the masts (except the Bolt-sprit). All these shrowds haue at the Lower end of them dead mens eyes seased to them; and are set vp taught by Lanniers to the chains which haue also dead mens eyes in them. at the other end they are fastned ouer the head of the masts, the pendants fore-tackle and the swifters being first put vnder them. They are named from the masts.
The Top Mast Shrowds are in the same maner fastned to the Puttocks, and the plate of Iron which belongs to them. The Ratlings, is the small ropes which make the steps, by which they go vp to the mast shrowds. These are called the Ratlings of the Shrowds. The Puttocks, are the small shrowds which are set from the main, or fore mast, shrowds, to the top mast shrowds; if the top mast haue a Top-gallant-top the use is for to goe off the shrowds into the top: for when the shrowds come neere up to the mast head, they fall in so close, that without these puttocks they could not get into the top of them.
The Puttocks are from the bottom seased to a staffe, which is made fast there to the shrowds: and aboue to a plate of Iron.
The Catherpings or cat-harpings, are small ropes which run in little blocks, from one side of the shrowds to the other neere the deck; these force the shrowds taught for the safety of the Masts in the rowling of the ship. They are only used to the fore and main mast shrowds. They are also at the setting on of the Puttocks of the shrowds.
The Jearre or Jeere, is a peece of a Hawser, or small cabell, which is made fast to the main and fore yards, close to the ties, and so reeved through a block that is seased close to the top and so comes downe and is reeved through another block at the bottome of the mast close by the deck: these help to hoise vp the yard and to succour the ties, and hold the yard from falling if the ties breake.
The Tyes, are foure strand ropes, Hawser laide, These are they by which the yards do hange, and do carry vp the yards when the Hallyards are strained to hoise the yards.
The Casketts are small strings made of synnet, flat; they are made fast to the vper part of the yards in little rings, which they call Grommetts with these they farthell vp the sailes. The longest are placed just in the midle betweene the tyes; these make vp the Bunt of the saile, and are called the Brest casketts.
The Crow-feet, are the small lines or ropes which stand 6. 8 .10. or more in part, being so diuided, and put through the holes of a dead man eye they are for noe use, but to make the ship shew full of small rigging. They are placed to the bottome of the back stages or stayes, of the fore-top mast, sprit saile top mast, Missen top masts, and toe top gallant masts.
The Knave line or Knaveling: is a rope, the end is fastned in the ches-tree, vnder the main and foretop, and so comes downe by the Ties to the Rams head vnto which there is seased a small peece of Billet (or wood about 2 foot long) with a hole in the end of it, in which hole this line is reeved, and soe brought to the ships side, and hale vp taught to the railes. This is to keepe the ties and Hallyardes from turning about one another; which being new they will doe were it not for this line. But after the ties and Hallyards are stretcht awhile, it is taken away, and no more used, but on the like occasion. Some call these lines, Gassits or Furling lines.
The top ropes, are those wherewith are set or striken downe the top masts; these belong only the main, and fore top masts: It is seased vnder the cap and reeved through the heele of the top mast where is a sheever and then made fast to the cap with a clinch to a ring; the other part comes downe by the ties and so is reeved in to the knight.
The Puddings.
The breast ropes.
The Lifts.
The Swifters.
Standing ropes, are counted all such ropes as are not used to be moved or to run in any blocks, as the stayes and shrowds.
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Chapter 15, Item 49i
Ships tackle and sails
The names of all the sailes with the Blocks and Tackles thereunto belonging.
The Tackle, or Tackles, or Riggings of the ship; by these terms are generally vnderstood all the ropes used about the Masts, sailes, and yards.
The Sprit Saile, this saile is made three tymes as larg as the fore-yard saile.
The Sprit top saile.
The Sprit saile rigging, are all the ropes which belong to that Mast and yard.
The Drift Saile, it is a saile used vnder water, being veered out ahead, haueing sheets to it. It is to keep a ships head right vpon the sea in a storme; and also to hinder her fast driveing in with a current.
The Crosiack.
The Netting Saile, are the sailes which are laid vpon the Nettings; for to shaddow the men from heate and raine and for a close fight.
An Awning, is a saile or any other thing made of canvasse, which is spread ouer any part or all the ship, aboue the decks to keep away the sun by day and the dew by night. Fore saile.
The Fore saile; or fore course, if the Bonnet be ioyned to it, a paire of coursers. This saile and the Sprit saile are termed head sailes. The reason you will see after.
The Sheates are canvasse bent to the clew of all sailes: If the sailes be low, they serve to hale-aft, or round aft the clew of the saile: But in top sailes, they serue to Hale-home the clew of the saile to the yard armes.
The head sailes, are sailes belonging to the fore-mast, sprit saile, and sprit saile top mast: for these gouerne the ships head, to make it fall off, and to keep out of the wind, and to flat the Ships saileing.
The fore top saile. (Se their termes in the Maine saile)
The fore topp gallant saile.
The Main Saile.
The Maine saile or course, when it is lased to a Bonnet. This and the Missen sailes are termed Aster Sailes, which keep a ship to the wind. The sailes are cut in bignesse to the proportion of masts and yards in length.
The main Sheats, is the Main mast saile, hauing a sheat or wast canvas bent to the clew of this and all sailes that are showler, or not low enough.
The Main saile showler, is the main saile made narrower or skant.
The Main Hallyard. In general all the ropes by which the yards are Hoysted (except the Crosse Jack, and the Sprit Saile which haue none) are called Hallyards from the name of the Mast in which it is used and so of the rest.
The Bonnett, this is, as it were a saile set to a saile, and is used onely to enlarge the saile in faire and easie gales; quarter winds; or before a wind. It is within a quarter as deepe as the saile it is set vnto. With a showle bonnet all the Mast will be Latched with a drabler. Each saile hath a Bonnett. Note that if the Bonnett be lased to the saile it is not then termed a saile and bonnett But a course and Bonnett. A showler or shoule Bonnett, is to haue it shallow, or narrow.
The Drabler is the same to Bonnett in all respects.
The Brases, these are ropes belonging to all the yards (except the Missen) which is a rope reeved the pendant which is seased to the end of each yards Arme: so that euery yard hath two Brases.
The Bowlings, are two ropes fastned to the Leech or midle of the outsides of a saile, the end reeved through Blocks fixed in the midle of the Stayes: these are to make the saile stand sharper, and closer, by the wind. It is fastned in 2. 3. 4 or more part to the saile, which is called the Bowling Bridle. This rope belongs to all sailes, except the sprit sailes, which haue no place to haile a Bowling by. some terme these the Bow-lines.
The Bunt lines, are small lines made fast to the bottome of the saile, in the midle part of the bolt rope, to a creengle, and so reeued through a small block seased to the yard: this is to trise vp the bunt of the saile, for the better farthelling and makeing vp of the saile.
The Trusses are ropes which are made fast to the Parrell of the yards; and are to bind fast the yard to the mast; or haile down the yard in a tempest. These belong only to the fore, Main and Missen yards. girdings.
The Brailes, are small ropes reeved through blocks which are seased on either side the tyes on the yards, some distance off and so comes downe the saile and are fastned to the creengles at the skirt of the saile; by these they may instantly farthell the sailes or let them fall againe.
The Robbins are little lines reeved into the eylot holes of the saile vnder the head rope, by which the saile is made fast to the yard, and the terme is to make fast the Robbins, and not tie them.
The Clew-garnet is a rope made fast to the clew of the saile, and from thence run in a block, which is seased to the midle of the yard. This terme only belongs to the fore and main mast yards: to all other yards terme clew lines.
The Clew of the saile, is the lower corners of the sail which reaches downe to the place where the tacks and sheats are made fast to the saile, and is counted that part which comes goaring out from the square of the saile, and so according is termed a great or little clew.
The Tacks, are great ropes, haueing a Wale-knot at one end, which is seased into the clew of the saile; and so reeved first through the chestree, and then comes in at a hole in the ship side. This is to keep the clew of the saile close to the wind.
Eylot holes, are the round holes along the bottome of those sailes which haue Bonnetts; they haue a little cord sowed aboue them, to make them strong: by these holes the bonnetts are latched to them.
The Martnetts or Martlits are small lines fastned to the leggs on the Leetch of the saile, and seen like a crow-feet, the fall or end of the rope is reeved through a block, and the top mast head, and so come downe by the mast to the deck.
The Creengles, are little ropes spliced into the bolt ropes of all sailes belonging to the maine and fore masts into which the Bowling Bridles are made fast; they are also to hold by when they shake off the Bonnetts.
The Bolt rope, is the rope into which the saile is sowed and made fast; it is a three strained rope, and made gentle, that it may be pliant with the saile; and that the saile may be sowed into it.
The Earings is a peece or part of the bold rope, which is left at all the foure corners, as it were in rings or Nooces; the two vper are put on the ends of the yards or yard Armes and made fast there: and the lowermost are seased to the tacks and sheats or as the terme is they are bent vnto the clew.
The Bunt of a saile, is as it were in comparison to the wind, the cod of the nett, which holds all the fish; It may be called the bag of the saile; and therefore there is a Bunt or hollowing given to all sailes, to the intent, that they may receiue winds the better.
The Cleate is a small wedge of wood fastned on the yards, to keepe any rope from slipping by where that is fastned. It is also to keepe the earings of the sailes from sliping of the yard.
The Lee-fange, is a rope which is reeved into the creengles of the sailes or courses, when they would haile in to bottome of the saile, to lase on the bonnett: they serue also to help to take in the saile.
Marling lines, are small lines, made of vntwisted hempe, to be more gentle and pliant then other lines, it is also tared. With it they bind the ends of ropes to keep them from farsing out, or ravelling, also they used to tye the sides of the straps at the Arse of the blocks with this; also the Marling of a saile is performed by this, which is to make fast the saile to the bolt rope. Some call these Marlines.
The Head lines, are all the ropes of the sailes which are vpermost next the yard by which the saile is made fast to the yard.
The Latchells, are small lines, which are sown vnto the Bonuetts and Drablers like loopes, by which they lace the Bonnett to the course, and the Drabler to the Bonnett, puting them into the eylot-holes and so laseing them one ouer an other.
The Leetch of the saile.
The Leggs or the Martnets, are small ropes put through the bolt ropes of the Main, and fore sailes: in the Leetch of the saile, and are neere a foot of length, and so at either end are spliced into themselues. They haue a little eye wherein the martnetts are made, with two Hitches, and the end seased to the standing part of the Martnets.
A Munke seame, is a kind of sowing the canvasses of the sailes togather the edge of the one being sowed ouer the edge of the other, and so it is sown on both sides; this is the strongest way of sowing the sailes.
A round seame.
A False sheat, is an other rope bound about the clew of the saile and sheat block, to succour and ease the sheat, least it break in great winds.
Note that most of these ropes and lines, by name are used to all, or most of the other sailes mentioned herein; and are named according to the names of the masts or sailes to whome they do belong: onely the Missen sheets are termed the sterne sheets: and the Bolt sprit hath no Bow-lines.
The Main Top saile.
The Goaring of a saile, is to cut it sloaping by degrees, makeing it broader in the clew then in the earing; all top sailes and top gallants are soe.
The Leetch of a sailes, is the outward side or skirt of the saile, from the earing to the clew; the midle betwixt which is especially to be counted the Leetch.
The Leetch lines, are small lines, which are fastned to the Leetch of the Top sails (for they belong to no other sailes) and are reeved into a block at the yard, close by the topsaile ties. by these they haile in the midle or Leatch of the saile when the top saile is to be taken in.
The Farthelling lines, are small lines made fast to all the top sailes, top gallant sailes, and also to the Missen yard armes hath one, but the other one, on either side, by these they farthell vp the top sailes, which haue not their Bunt (or midle part) bound vp to the yard, as the Main and fore-sailes haue; but are layd on the top and so bound fast to the head of the mast: this is termed stowing the top saile.
The Clew lines: these lines are the same to top sailes, to gallant sailes, and the sprit sailes; that the Clew-garnett is to the Main saile, and hath the very same use.
The Rope-yarnes, are the yarne of any rope vntwisted half worne, with this they often wake vp the yard Armes of the sailes when they take them in.
The Horses, are those little short ropes which are seased to the midle of the top mast and top gallant stages, with a block wherein are reeved the top sailes and top gallant Bowlings.

The main top saile Hallyards. These are the same and for the

The maine top saile Braces. same use as they

The maine top saile Bowling and Bridle. are described vnder the Main

The Main-top gallant saile. saile Hallyards &c.

The Strudding sailes, are sailes added to the rest in a faire gaile of wind, or else it is common to spread out the clew with a Boome, (that is with a long pole) and sometyme also they Boome out the clew of the main saile and fore saile to spread them out so much the Broader to receiue more wind. When a ship comes Booming towards vs, is as much as to say; she comes with all the saile she can make.
Fighting sailes, is to haue as little saile abroad as can be, that it hinder not the sight; that which then is abroad being the missen to saile, as sufficient for to work with.
The Missen saile or sheat. It is generally termed by the name of the sterne sheat. The Missen saile, is cut by the Leetch, twice as deep as the mast is long from the deck to the Hounds. A Hullock, is a small part of the saile, which is loosed and left open in a great storme, when they dare not haue any more out; and this is only used in the Missen saile, when they would keep the head of the ship to the sea, with a little saile, makeing all vp excepting a little at the Missen yard Arme. Sometyme they loose a Hullock from the fore-saile. The Missen Bowlings do serue for Brases to the yard, but the Cross Jack braces, are brought forward to the Main shrowds, when the ship goes close to the wind.
The Smitting line, is a small rope which is made fast to the Missen yard Arme, below next the deck, and when the saile is farthelled with it to the vper end: the saile being made vp with rope yarne, and so comes downe to the poope. By the pulling of this rope the rope yarne breaks and so the saile falls without the striking downe of the yard.
The Goose winge, is to launch out the yard and saile ouer the quarter on the Lee side, and so take the winde side way; this saile so Boomed to keep it fast and stiddy is termed a goose winge.
The Missen Top saile.
A suite of sailes.
A shift of sailes.
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Chapter 15, Item 49j
Ships ironwork
The names of the seuerall Iron Workes vsed in and about shipping.
Anchors. Of this see before, numb:34.
Bolts, are Iron pins belonging both to the building and rigging of shipps; of which there diuerse as,
Ring Bolts, by these the planks and wales of the ship are brought togather. These also fasten the tackles and the breetchings of the great ordinance.
Drive Bolts, is a long one to drive out an other bolt, or Treenell by.
Set Bolts, are used in building for fireing [sic] the planks, and other workes close togather.
Ragg Bolts, which are sharp at one end, and Jagged, that they may not drawe out.
Clench bolts, which are clinched with a rivitting hammer, to prevent drawing out.
Fore-lock Bolts, which are made at the end with an eye whereunto a fore lock of Iron is driven over a ring to keep it fast from starting back.
Fender Bolts, which are made with a long head, and beaten into the outward most bend of the ship to saue the sides, if an other ship should lye a board her.
Chaine Bolts:
Bolts for Carriage and the like the use of all these bolts is so great that without them a ship cannot be strongly built.
Axel tree of the pumpe, is the Iron which goes through the wheele of the chaine pumpe, and beareth the weight of it. For other Iron worke belonging to a pumpe se ca. 6. numb.88. as Iron rod, swaffe, &c. Note that all bolts haue round head, the use of them being so great, that without them a ship cannot be built strong, for they bind togather all the timber, knees, plankes, and the like.
Crabb; is an engine of wood with three Iron claws, placed on the ground with Iron pins, or bolts, fastning it togather in the head: Just in the nature of a capstaine, being placed, and most commonly used, where they build ships, for the launching out, or heaving in of a ship into the dock, or off the key.
Chaines, by this terme indefinitely, is ment all sorts of Iron chaines, used in and about a ship: in a fight the yards are slinged in chaines for feare lest the ties should be cut and so the yards fall downe.
Gudgins, are those Irons which are made fast the sterne post, with round eyes in them, into which the pintells of the rudder are hanged. some terme them the socketts of the rudder.
Marling-speeke, is a small peece of Iron, made of purpose for the splicing togather of small ropes, and also to open the bolt ropes when they sow on the saile.
Fore locks, are little flat peeces of Iron, made like wedges which are put into the eyes or holes at the ends of bolts, to keep the bolts from drawing out, or sliping back.
Pintell, are Iron pins which are made fast to the rudder, and do hang the rudder to the sterne post, being put into Iron socketts. Also they are small Iron pins, which is fastned to murderers and also to Harquabusses: being a crook put into a socket or any hole to keep the peece from recoyling.
Rudder Irons, are the cheeks of that Iron whereof the pintell is part, and these are fastned and nailed round about the rake of the rudder.
Rove and clinch. The Rove is the little Iron plate into which the clinch bolt and nayles are clinched. The planks of ships and boats are thus fastned to the ribbs, haueing the bolts going throwe and clinched vpon the Rove. This is called Rove and clinch.
Socketts, the holes into which the pintells of the Murtherers, Forelers, or the like, do goe, se gudgins.
Spindles.
Shackles, are kinds of rings, but not round, made somewhat long-wise, and larger at one end then the other, in the midle of the port on the one side, they are used to shut fast the ports with a bullett, which they use to beare downe the ports with: and that is called the bar of the port. Also the fashion but small ones, are made fast to the corners of the hatches, to lift them vp by.
Speeks, or Spik nayles, are as it were, great long Iron nayles, with flat heads, and are of diuerse lengths, as a foot or two long. some are ragged speeks, that they may not draw out againe. they are used in many places for fastning of timber and planks in foule weather.
Nayles of all sizes, are used about ship work in all sorts of fastning and nayling togather, as in house affaires.
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Chapter 15, Item 49k
Flags
The Colours Flaggs and Ensigns used in shipps.
Flaggs, are the colours, or Ensignes set vp in ships, which are onely used at the sea for the distinction of nations, or officers of fleets, as the Admirall to haue his Flag in the Main top: the Vice-admirall to haue his Flag in the foremast top: and the Reare-Admirall in the Missen top. They are also for distinctions and signes what ships shall doe according to direction from the cheife commander; as to chase, giue ouer pursuite, come to counsell, and the like. For to lower or strike the Flagg, at a sea fight, is a token of yeelding: but otherwise of great obedience and respect: but to be made to take it downe by force, is the greatest disgrace that can be.
Pendant or Streamers, are those colours, which are hung out on the yard Armes, or from the head of the masts for a shew and to beautifie the ship. These are fastned to a staffe the breadth of them which is hung (in the places aforesaid) by a rope.
Top Armour, are the cloaths hung about the top of masts, for shew and also to hide men to fight, which lye there, to fling fire potts, use small shott, or the like.
Wast cloaths, are termed also, Fights of the ship, because generally used in sea fights; they are all the clothes, which are hung round about the cake worke of the hull of the ship, or Railes round the side of it.
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Chapter 15, Item 49l
Ropes
The names of other Ship ropes not vsed (or very rare) about the masts, and saile; but for other necessary ends.
The Entring rope, it hangs by the ship side, in the waste, where they come aship out of a boate: It is also taken for any rope giuen to a man to help him to enter the ship.
The Boat rope, is that which ties the Boate to the ship.
The Buckett rope.
The Buoy rope, it tieth the Buoy or Boy to the flook of the Anchor.
The Guest rope, or Guye rope, is used to keepe a peece of Ordinance, the boate, or anything else which is hoisted into the ship from swinging into the ship too fast when it is ouer the gun-wale. It is made fast to the stanshions of the wast trees. Also there is a Guye rope fixed to the pendant of the winding tackle, which helpeth to hale the same forwards. It is termed the guid rope, guiding the thing hailed.
The Cat rope. Se in the ship timber for Cat.
The Port rope.
The Keele rope, runs along the ship vpon the keele with in the Limber of the ground timber, by which the limber holes are cleered.
The Rudder rope, is a rope or strape which is reeved into an hole of it neere the head, and so through the sterne post, then both ends spliced togather; this is to saue the rudder if it chance to be beaten off.
The Preventure rope, is a little rope seased crosse ouer the ties, close at the Rams-head, that if one part of the ties break, the other would not run through the ram head to endanger the yard.
The Ropes, are generally all the cordage to a ship whethere big, or little but the aboue said more particularly haue the generall word, Rope, added to them beside their owne appellations. those that follow haue names to their particular uses.
The Cabell, is a three strand rope, intended for to be sufficient for a ship, to ride at an Anchor. they haue seuerall appellations as they are in bignesse, as first, second and third.
The Hawser, is a three strand rope, and may also be called a little cabell; for that which is one ships hawser may be an other ships cabell.
The Streame cabell, is a small cabell, with which ships ride at Anchor withall in streames, as Rivers, or in faire weather.
The Breechings, are those ropes (which are bigger then the Tackles) that make fast or lash the guns to the ship sides, being brought about the breech of the peece. These are used only in foule weather.
The Brest fast, is a ship fastned by a rope so called, with its head to the wharffe or anything else.
The Sterne fast is such a rope as is fastned to some part of the ship, and so doth hold fast the ships sterne to a wharfe, or any thing else.
The Rope yarne, are the yarnes of any ropes vntwisted, it is made most commonly of the ends of cabells, they serve small ropes to keep them from ravelling.
The Synnet, is a line or string made of rope yarne commonly of 2. 6. or 9. which are diuided into three parts, and platted one ouer an other, (as they platt horse Maines) and so is beaten smooth and flatt with a mallet; it is used to sarve ropes, and keep them from Galling.
The Kneettles, are two twisted ropeyarnes togather, with a knott at each end, to sease a rope, or block or the like.
The Caburne, is a small line made of spun-yarne, to bind the cabells or to make a bend of two cabells, or to sease or fasten the winding tackle, and the like.
The Deep-sea line or Dipsie line, is a small line, with which deep waters are sounded, to find ground. It may be 100 or 200 faddom: it is first marked at 20. 30. 40.
The Fenders, are many peeces of old cabell, ropes or billets of wood, which are hung ouer the ship side to keep an other ship or boat from rubing on the ship side. Boats haue these fenders to saue them from much beating against the ship side.
The Fish Tackle, is a rope hung at the end of the Davie by the strap of the Block, in which Block there is a hooke at the end, which doth hitch the flooke of the Anchor and so hale it vp to the bow or chainwale of the ship.
The Garnett, is a Tackle wherewith is hoised all caske and good that are not too heavy, it hath a pendant from the head of the main-mast with a block strongly seased to the main-stay: the runner hath an hooke at one end, which Hook Hitches the slings; and so hale and hoise the goods.
The Horse, is a rope made fast to fore-mast shrowds, with a dead-man-eye at the end, through which is reeved the pendant of the sprit saile sheates; this is only to keep the sprit saile sheate cleere of the flookes of the Anchor.
The Logg Line, some call it the minute line; it is a small line with a leetle peece of boord at the end with a little lead to it. by this cast into the water sea men judge how fare the ship saileth in a minute, and consequently how fare in an houre.
The Loose hooke, is a tackle with two hookes, one hitch into the Creengle of the main and fore saile; and the other into a strap spliced into the chestree. This is to succour the tackle in a great wind, that the force of the weather shall not beare it vp.
The Netting, are those small ropes which are seased togather with ropeyarnes, in forme of a nett with mashes, and are onely used in the wast of a ship, and are stretched vpon the Ledges from the wast trees to the roofe trees. See Nettingsaile and Awning.
The Nipers, are small ropes, about a faddom or two long, with a little truck or Wale Knot at one end: it is used to hold off the cabell from the capstain, or geer capstain, when the cabell is either so slimy or so great that they cannot straine it, to hold it of with their hands only.
The Ockham, is nothing but old ropes, vntwisted and so pulled out as it were into flax or hempe againe. It is used to driue into the seames, and all places where water is suspected to come in. Also Toe or Flax being thus used is called White Ockham.
The Parbuncle, is a rope in the nature of a sling or pair of slings, being seased togather at both ends, and so put double about a caske, to hoise it by.
The Passerdo or Passaredo, or the Nepas-artua rope, by it is hailed downe the sheet blocks, of the main and fore masts, when they are drawn of the clew, to the cubbridge head of main mast etc. this keeps downe the top sailes from flying vp in high winds.
The Platts, are flat ropes made of rope yarne woven one ouer an other and are to saue the cabell in the hawse from galling and in the flooke of the Anchor, to saue the pendant of the fore sheat from galling against the Anchor.
A point, is to vndo the strond at the end of a cabell, some two foot long, and lay it one ouer an other againe, and make them all fast with a Marling or the like. This is called pointing a cabell, and is to keep it from Farssing.
A Shot of cabells, is two cabells spliced togather which is used for deep waters.
The Runner, is generally taken for any rope, running through a block which is called the running rope. But there is a rope called a runner that belong to the Garnett and the two bolt tackles: haueing at one end an hooke to hatch into any thing.
The standing parts of running ropes, are such ropes which are made fast to any part of the ship, to distinguish it from the other part whereat they use to hale.
The Slings, are of three sorts, one is long rope with a small eye at each end, the one eye is put ouer the breech of a peece, and the other ouer the end of a crow of Iron put in the mouth of a peece, and so by these hoise it. The second is any rope or chaine, bound fast about the yard to the crosse trees, and the head of the mast, that if in fight the ties should break, yet the yard may not come down: these are called slings.
The sounding line, is a line of about 20 faddoms long, with a sounding lead or plumett about 7 pound weight, and 12 Inches long. It is marked at two faddoms next the lead, with a peece of black leather put into it betwixt the strands, at 3 faddom, the like at 5 faddom a peece of whit cloth: at seaven faddom a peece of red cloth: at 10 a peece of Leather: at 15 Faddom either a white cloth or leather, and so no further.
The Stopper, is a peece of rope with a Wale Knot at one end, and a Lannier spliced to it, and the other end made fast to some place as the stoppers for the cabells, or stoppers for the Hall yards, the use is to stop the cabell that it may go out by little and little, which is done by binding the Wale Knot about the cabell with the Lanniers and it will instantly catch hold in it, that it cannot slip away.
The Water line, is that line as the ship carpenters pretend shall be the depth that the ship shall swim in water, when Leaden.
The Winding Tackle, are those ropes by which goods are hoised in and out of the ship being composed of slings, Guyes, double blocks with 3 sheevers, and small cabells, &c.
The Yoake, is that rope by which the Helme is bound vp, when it cannot be gouerned with hands.
The Warpe, is any rope be it cabell or hawser, that warpes the ship: that is, to haile vp a ship with an Anchor bent to it, ouer a bar or into a Harbour, when a wind is wanting.
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Chapter 15, Item 49m
Seamens terms
Termes used by Sea men when they are about their worke of Sayleing.

About the Mast Tackles.
The Bolt sprit drops by the boord, it hath spent it selfe; that is, is brooken.
Slack the shrowds, is when they are too stiffe set vp.
Set taught the shrowds; or set vp the shrowds, is to make them stiffer.
Hale vp the top mast.
Get your tacks close aboard.
Get or make ready your Loose Hooks and Lee Fanges, or fagues.
Strike your top masts to the cap.

About the steering of a ship.
A Lee the Helme, is put the helme to the Lee side of the ship, which is on the contrary side, that the wind bloweth.
Lash sure the Helme, that is in a storme, to tye it fast a Lee.
Starboard the helme, right the helme, turne it to the right hand.
Larboord the helme, is to the left hand.
Right the helme aloufe.
Keep your Loufe.
Come no neere.
Keepe full the helme.
Stiddy, or steare stiddy before the wind.
Port your helme.
Warre.
Beare vp the helme.
Goe roumy.
Beyare at the helme.
A fresh man at the helme.

About the yard tackles.
Ride a peeke, is to haue the main mast and fore masts yards hoised vp, to the shrowds and so set crosse one an other like St. Andrews Crosse.
Ride a broad peeke, is to haue the mast yards so hoised, but to the midle of the masts.
Top the yards, that is make them hang euen.
Brase the yard, that is traverse aft that yard arme whose brase is hailed.
Square the yards, is to make them right a crosse.
Traverse the yard, is to brase aft the yard, turne it forwards.
Top the lifts, is to hale vp the top saile lifts, to make the yard ends stand higher or lower at pleasure.
Top a Lar-boord, or to a port, is to hale the lifts on the Lar-boord side.
Top a star-boord, is to hale the Lifts on the star-boord side.

About the sailes and their tackles.
Let fall the main saile.
Lash on the Bonnett, or bring to the Bonnett, is make it fast to the saile. Some say, latch it on, Lash fast is to tie it sure. Shake it off is to take it off.
Farthell the sailes a crosse, is to tye vp the sailes and set the yards crosse one to the other.
Trim the sailes, is to handle the sailes.
Trise vp the bunt of the saile, draw vp the midle bottome of it the better to farthell it.
Haile vp the Braises, and brace vp the saile is all one.
Braile vp the sailes, tye vp the sailes.
Spread a great clew, when they put as much saile as she can make. Spread a broad saile. Peak, or spell vp the missen saile: is to take it on.
Make ready to set saile.
Hoise your sailes.
Heave out your top sailes.
Hale your sheates.
Set the missen, is fill the missen saile.
Chang the missen, is bring the yard to the other side.
Speek the Missen; put the yard right vp and downe by the mast.
Hale off the Lee sheates. the sheates contrary to the wind.
Out with the sprit saile.
Flat the sheats, is to pull the saile flat in by the sheats, as neer to the ship side as may be.
Hale aft the sheat, or round aft the clew of the saile, is to make the saile fall off from the wind.
Hale home the top saile sheet, is to hale close the clew of the saile to the yard Arme.
Ease the sheat of the saile, is to veer out, or let go a little of it.
Let fly the sheat, is to let it go out as far as it will, and the saile will hold noe wind by lie floating loose. Called a flowne sheate.
Hale the sheate, is to draw the runing part of the rope through the block to streight the sheat.
Ouer hale the sheat, is to hale at the standing part of the rope to pull it backwards out off the block.
Sharp the Bowlings; set taught the bowlings; Hale vp the Bowlings; all these are termes to haue them pulled vp hard. Ouer hawle the Bowlings.
East the Bowlings; check or conie vp the bowlings; is to let them slack.
Top the Martnetts, is to hale them vp to the yard, that the sailes may be fartheled.
Loure the main top saile, take it downe; strike downe the saile.
Veere a fadome of your sheate, is to put a fadome of it out.
Brade vp close all your sailes.
Strike your top sailes.
Duck up the clew lines, that is to draw vp the clews of the sailes when they hinder the stearers sight.
Shorten your sailes.
Take in your sailes.

All other work in the ship.
Is the cabell bent; is it tyed to the ring of the anchor.
Vnbend the cabell, vnbind it from the Anchor.
Bend two ropes or cables, that is, tye them togather with a Knot, and so make their owne ends fast vpon them selues.
Sterne the Buoy, put the buoy into the water before the Anchor.
Buoy vp the cabell, is to haue the cabell borne vp from the ground in foule ground.
Come you vp capstain, is to slaken the rope at the capstain.
Launch at the capstaine, is to heave noe more at it.
Rowle the capstaine, stay it with the Iron paule, that it turne not back.
Coyle your cabell in small slakes.
Haile or Hawle the cat a Bitter; is to turne the cabell once about the Bitts.
Stow the boate, is to take it into the ship.
Aloofe, or keep aloofe. Fall not off. Veere noe more. Keep her to: touch the wind. Haue a care of the Lee latch. All these termes Imports as much as to keep the ship neere the wind.
East the helme, no neere, beare vp: these are termes to keep the ship from the wind.
Steedy. Keep the ship from going in and out, but Just on the point.
Launch out, or launch in the davitt, is to put the davitt out or in.
Sink a deck, or fall adeck, is to remove it and place it lower.
Raise a deck, is to put it higher aboue water.
Laying of a deck: is to make a deck.
The ship feels the helm, or not feels the Helme: that is wilbe gouerned or not gouerned by it.
Port the helme.
Loafe into a Harbour, is to keep close to the wind.
Fend the boate, is to keep her from beating against the ship side.
Lay the cabell, is the making of the cabell, it is well layd, well made.
Sarve or platt the cabell, put old ropes or clouts about it, for galling.
Spise [sic] the cabell, is to fasten two cabells togather with a splise.
Quoile or quile a cabell is to lay it vp in rowles one aboue the other.
Cabell tire, is the cabell so layd vp in rowles.
Pay more cabell, is to let the same run slack, when they goe out with an Anchor.
Pay cheap, fling the cabell ouer a part.
Veere the cabell, is to let more goe out.
Strand or Strond of a cabell, is on of the three parts of the ropes it is made of.
Heave a peeke, is to set the Hawse, that the cabell is right betweene them.
Thwart ship, is to be ouer crosse the ship.
Longstship, anything the long way of the ship.
Wind the ship, is to turne her head about, either with the boate or oares.
Ship winds vp, that is when she comes to ride by her Anchor.
How winds the ship, on what point of the compasse doth she lie.
The ship is split, or Bildged on a rock, or Bulged.
A wracke, when a ship is dashed to peece, or sunk that all in her are drowned.
The ship is at stayes, and at Backstayes.
It is ouer set. Adrift.
A Flote, any timber that swimeth aboue water, and sinkes not.
A Bone Voyage, a good Voyage.
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Chapter 15, Item 49n
Ships equipment
Instruments used by Maisters and Pilotts for the conduct of shipps.
Good cards.
2 paire of compasses, and ruler.
An Astrolobe quadrant.
A crosse staffe.
A Back staffe.
An Astrolobe.
A Nocturnall.
The description of all which se in chap 8 numb 166 to 169 and chap: 9. numb: 46 to 67.
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Chapter 15, Item 52a
Naval battle terms
Some termes of sea fights.
A saile, at sea they call a ship a saile: for when they descry a ship they say, a saile, a saile, if more than one a saile of ships: or
A fleete,
A squadron,
A navie.
How stands she, to windward or to Leeward.
She stands right a head, or on the weather bow, or Lee bowe.
Giue chase or fetch her vp.
He holds his owne.
No we gather on him.
Out goes his flag and pendants or streamers: also his colours, his wast cloaths and top Armings.
He furls and flings his maine saile.
In goes his sprit saile and missen.
He makes ready his close fights, fore and aft.
The chase clings vp close to the wind.
The chase stands roome, her saile are trimmed before the winde.
She is full of men, it is a hot ship but deep and very foule.
She is a prize worth fighting for.
We shall reach them by and by.
Every man to his charge.
Make all ready. Downe with the Hammocks and cabbins which may hinder or hurt us.
Salute him for the sea.
Hale him with our voice.
Are they merchants, or men of war.
We are of the sea.
Guner se all your guns be cleere, and that nothing pester the decks.
Giue him a chase peece.
Giue him a broad side. giue fire gunner.
Run a head.
Tack about.
Giue him your stern peeces.
Be yare at helme.
Hale him with a noise of Trumpets.
She answers vs againe with her trumpets.
And fires a broad side on vs.
Is all well betweene decks.
Loade your guns with case shott.
He lies broad to the southward to giue us a broad side.
Giue not fire till he fall off, that he may receiue us a broad side.
His main top is by the boord: our broad side shot hath done exedution.
We are shot a head.
We are shot through and through, or rackt throw and throw.
Shot between wind and water.
Shot through fore and aft.
Trie the pumpe.
Sling a man ouerboard to stop the Leake.
Beare vp close with him.
With all your great and small shott, charge him.
Boord him on the weather quarter.
Lash fast your Graplins and sheare off.
Run stemlins the Mid ships.
Boord and boord. Lay a boord.
Blow vp the decks.
He gauls vs with his small shot.
We are close aboord, giue fire amongst his men vpon the decks, that they may share our case shot.
Well shot, Mr Guner, they lie heads and points aboord the chase.
The ship is sunk. Cast ouer the long boate. Saue what men we can.
The ships on fire.
Cut anything to get cleere.
Smother the fire with wet clothes.
We are cleere, the fire is out. God be thanked.
The day is spent, let vs consult.
Surgeon looke to the wounded.
Wind vp the slaine, with each a weight at head and feet, giue three peeces for their funeralls.
Swabber make cleane the ship.
Purser record their names: watch to keep the berth to windward that we loose him not in the night.
Guner spung your ordinance.
Souldiers scoure your peeces.
Carpenters about your Leaks.
Boatson and the rest repaire the sailes and shrowds.
Cooke, se you obserue your direction against morning watch.
Boy is the Kettle boyled, then call vp the men to prayer and breakfast.
A Health to you afore and aft.
Courage my hearts for a fresh charge.
Mr. lay him aboord loofe for loofe.
Midship men se the tops and yards be well manned, with stones and brasse balls to enter them in the shrowds, and euery squadron else at their best advantage.
Sound drummes and Trumpets and St. George for England.
They hang out a white flag of truse.
Stand in with him; weather him and keep him vnder our Lee.
He hails us with his voices.
Minde what he sayes.
Quarter for our liues, and we yeeld ship and goods.
Take in your sailes and firle them, till we come aboord.
Abase or take in the flag.
Strike the sailes, and a come aboard with the captaine, purser and Guner.
If you loose a Knot of a saile expect our broad side, and noe quarter.
Out goes the boate.
They launch from the ship side.
Entertaine them with a generall cry,
God saue the captaine and all the company with Trumpetts sounding.
Examine them in perticulare, then conclude their conditions, either of freedome or punishment, as you find occasion.
If you surprize him or take him by force, you may stow the men, riffle, pillage or sacke, and cry a prize.
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Chapter 15, Item 52b
Books on navigation
Who euer desires further satisfaction in these points of Navigation let them peruse these authors.
The Accidence for yong sea men by B.F. 1636 in 8vo.
The sea mans dictionary.
The sea mans callendar by Mr Traps.
The sea Regiment.
The sea mans secrets.
The Vse of the Globe by Mr Wright, an other by Mr Moxon. Also by Mr. Hewes.
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Chapter 15, Item 52c
Naval prizes
Now after a sea fight the prizes is divided in a man of warr thus:
The ship hath one third part.
The Victualer an other third part.
The company hath the other third part, which is thus diuided in shares.
The captaine hath 9 shares.
The maister hath 7.
The mate hath 5.
The guner hath 5.
The carpenter hath 5.
The Boatswaine hath 4.
The Marshall hath 4.
The corporall hath 3.
The surgion hath 3.
The quarter maister hath 4.
The steward hath 3. shares.
The cooke hath 3.
The coxson hath 3.
The Trumpett hath 4.
The sailers 2. or one and a halfe.
The Lieutenant what the captaine will giue him: or as they can agree.
They use to appoint a reward extra ordinary to him that first descries a saile if they take it, and also to him that first enters her.
The Divine, his pay is from the adventurers and saylors.
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