Chapter 13, Item 66a
Orders of pillars
The Order of Columns and Pillars.
In Architecture work, where there are either Columns, or Pillars or Membrettos. You are to know that there are five Orders of work in them.
1. The Tuscan Order, which is the plainest of all Orders ...
2. The Dorick Order, in this the Column is divided or wrought into many little Columns round and swelling out ...
3. The Ionick Order, whose Pillar, or Column is Fluted ...
4. Is the Corinthian Order, which is the same as the Ionick, only the Capital is Carved ..
5. Is the Composita, or Compositive Order; it is a Collumn or Pillar with its Capital and Pedestal framed and composed from all the other orders according to the fancy and discretion of the Workman, as the Capital of the Corinthian and Ionick Orders; the Column of the Ionick and the Dorick Orders; and the Pedestal of them all; see num. 34.
A Membretto, or a Piliaster, is a swelling or projecturing out of a main Wall without carved work, after the manner of a Pillar or Column; having both Pedestals and Capitals answerable to the several Orders from whence such Membrettos are composed.
An Atticurge Collumn is a square Pillar.
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Chapter 13, Item 71a
Wonders of the world
Of the Worlds Wonders.
[Titles only]
First, is the Walls of Babylon
Second is the Colossus of the Sun, set up at Rhodes
Third, is the Pyramids of Egypt
Fourth, is the Mausolea, or the Tomb of Mausolus
Fifth, is the Temple of Diana in the City of Ephesus
Sixth, is the Idol or Image of Jupiter set in the Temple of Achaia
Seventh, is the Tower in the Isle of Pharos near Alexandria in Egypt
Though that of Stonehenge in the County of Wilts, in our Kingdom be not reckoned as a Worlds Wonder, yet we may look upon it as a Wondrous Monument; the matter thereof are Stones of a great bigness being 28 foot and more in height and ten in breadth, these are set in the ground by 2 and 2, and a third laid Gatewise overthward, and fastned with tenants and Mortises wrought in the same; the form these Stones are set in, is round, and as it seemeth hath been circulated with three ranks of them, many whereof are now fallen down, and the uttermost standing containeth in compass 300 foot, they are all rough and of a grey colour, standing within a Trench that hath been much deeper:
They were erected by Aurelius Ambrosius King of the Britains, in memory of the Treachery of the Saxons under Vortigern their King, who slew in a day of Parley all the Nobility and Buried them there, about Anno 475.
In this place also the foresaid King Aurelius and 2 more of the British Kings his successors, have been interred, with many more of their Nobility. Now the great Wonder is how these Stones came hither, seeing the Country thereabout, and for many Miles distant afford none such; the Learned
In this place under little Banks, to this day, are found by Digging, Bones of mighty Men, and Armour of large and ancient Fashion.
Another remarkable work, is that high and long Wall made as a bound between China and the Eastern Tartars ...
Not much inferiour to this was that great and magnificent performance of an Emperour of Tartaris ... who ... opened a Canal 3500 Chinese Furlongs ... in length.
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