15. Courteous Reader, I pray thee add these few Husbandry Tools to chap.8. numb15. they coming after those to my hands.
Taper ladder
CXXXIV. In this quarter are four Instruments, or
things pertaining to Husbandry; the first which is in the
dexter side, is termed a Taper Ladder of 4 Staves.
It is a kind of Ladder, or Cheese Rack, having one
end wider or broader open than the other. Some term
it a Ladder broader at the Foot than the top part.
Callipers
The second in the middle of the Chief is an Instrument that is termed round Scalipers.
It is two crooked Irons with sharp points revited together at the broader end, so as that they may turn one upon another; they
are for the taking the circumference of any round body.
Turf spade
The third in the Sinister side is termed a Carpenters
long Ginnet; some call it a Turf Spade; it is to
cut and flea up the surface of anything flat, or of the
Earth into Sods, Turfs or Fleeces, to lay on the Ridges
of Thatched Houses in Country Towns or small Cottages, when they are first
cut out by a Shovel. This Instrument is like the Carpenters Adds, for as that Chips
the Wood, so this flees up the Earth both with Moss and
Grass, and Moorish ground. See chap.16.numb.140.
another form of Turf Spade.
Socket pitchfork
The fourth in this quarter is that as lieth in the Base,
which is called a Socket Pitchfork, or Socket Pikell.
Scythe
CXXXV. In this square is also foure other Instruments belonging to husbandry, some of them though the
beare the name, and something of the shape of others
mentioned in chap.8. yet upon perusall of both, there
will be found a difference in them; therefore ought according to their beareing have a distinct term used for
them, that thereby one be not taken for the other.
The first is a kind of Dutch or Germane Syth, much like to that chap:8 numb:47. Yet there is some difference. I call that a Germane or Dutch Sythe, by reason there Heraulds draw them so; this also being of the same workmen, may then for distinction sake be blazoned, a Sythe with a Nog, or Handle on the contrary side of the Swath. Some call it a Sythe with one Nog. Others a Socket Sythe.
Woodman's cleaving knife
The Second in the same quarter, is termed by most a
Woodmans Cleeving Knife, By the strength of it
and weighty blows to force it in, great trees are rent and
cloven through, the length of the Handle assisting to prise
and forceing them to fly open. It hath the resemblence
of a Pioners Pick, mentioned chap.8 numb.45. or
the Pavers Pick, as anciently it was made; set down
in the same chap.8 num.72. Yet this differs from both
haveing an edge on the inner side, with a Socket for the
Hame, or Staile to be fastned in; and being much
more streighter within. The roundness of it only appearing on the outside to make the back the stronger, and the
point of end the sharper.
Hoppet
Image from proof plateThe third is termed a Hoppet, or Hobbet, It is a Vessel of wood to carry corn in, by him that soweth the same. Being made of one entire broad hoop nailed to a bottom, having three Feet to stane on, and an Handle to hold it by.
Socket scythe
The fourth Instrument represents the Similitude of the
first in this quarter, and is termed a Socket Sythe,
with a Square Handle, only contrary-posed on the
Swath.
Shovel with a spade handle
CXXXVI. In this quarter on the dexter side is a
Shovel with a Spade Handle, it is of some called a
Flat or Streight soled Spade.
Spade
The Second is a Spade without a top or Handle.
Lubow
The Third is a Lubow, this is a Dutch and German
bearing, and I give it their term.
Beater
Image from proof plateThe Fourth and that on the Sinister side, is termed a Beater, it is a broad plank, with a stail put into it, whose office it is with the help of a Labourer, to beat smooth and even Garden Walks and Alleys, or any other uneven Grounds.
Dung fork
The Fork lying in the base, is termed a Dung-Fork
with 2 points, or a square Worthing-Fork with 2
points. Some term it a double barred Dung Fork;
and a Foot Yelve; because on the top or square part
(as on a Spade) a man may set his Foot to force it the
better and deeper into the Muck-hill. This is of a contrary form to the Yelves before mentioned,
Chap.8. Numb 43,44. some call it a Socked pickel double
barred; or a square Dung-Fork.
Paring spade
Image from published plateCXXXVII. In this Square are four other sorts of Instruments, most appertains to the good Ordering of Grounds, used by both Gardeners and Husband-men. The first on the dexter side, is by the Artists termed a Pareing-Spade, or Dividing Iron; This is termed also a Turf-Spade, the Bit or Shoes being twice as broad as our ordinary Spades, and broader at the neather end, or point, then at the upper end by an Inch.
Mullen wheel
The Wheel on the sinister side is termed a Mullen
Wheel, it hath a square Nave for its Axis, and for
Spokes like the Ballance Wheel of a Watch or
Clock, on the rim of the Wheel are placed triangular
pieces much after the manner of Cogg-Wheels. But
Mullen ends, as the examples in the following square
will shew.
Single wheel trenching plough
Image from proof plateThe Third is termed, a single Wheel Trenching Plough: This is an Engine by which Trenches and Furrows are made in waterish Grounds, thereby to drain, or draw away the Water. It is made of a piece of Wood about the bigness of a Spade Stayl, somewhat strait, but bending a little at the neather end, in which part must be placed a Coulter; the Sole plated with Iron, through which the Coulter must come and be fastned with a Cotter, through a hole made in the side of the Wood and Coulter; the use is to cut out one side of the Trench, and then the other, and so turn up the sod or turf with a Spade. This is made with a small Brass Wheel about 4 Inches high, which will make the Foot to run more pleasantly. Some have these Trenching Ploughs without a Wheel and some have them dubly Wheeled, as in Numb.140. whose use is the same to to this, therefore shall say no more or them, than only give you their names and Forms.
Gardeners weeding dog
In the Base is the fourth thing of the Square, which is
called a Gardiners Weeding Dog. It is made
with a Taper fork, and a Cross bar of Iron, some
six or eight Inches above, and then hath a strong Socket,
into which it is fixed a Staff with a Spade Head, as thick
or thicker then the Spade shank: The cross is for the
Foot of the Workman to force it into the Earth, on each
side a strong Weed Root, and so having hold of it,
draws it out of the Ground, as an Hammer draws out a
Nail by the Head.
Millstone
CXXXVIII. In this square are two sorts of Millstones,
like to Mill-stones, yet by reason of several positions are
diversly to be termed; the first a Mill-stone with three
square Galthrops, equally dispose, or set in triangle
upon the edge thereof.
Millstone set with notches
The Second is a Mill-stone set with Noches, much
like the Tanners mil mentioned Chap.8. Numb.119.
122* only this hath a Rigget cut into it for an Ink, or
Molyne to be fixed in it, which the other hath not.
Trenching gouge
Image from proof plateCXXXIX. In this quarter is two Instruments of Husbandry. The first is called a Trenching Gouge, this is made after the manner of a Spade, but that it riseth up in the sides, and is Round in the Sole or shooe. The use of it is the very same to the use of the Turfing Spade, to make trenches in the Morish and wet lands to draw away the waters, as in the next square 140.
Hay hook
The Instrument on the sinister side is termed an Hay
Hook with an Eagles head, this is an adornment only added to the handle to make it the more prospicuous,
as in the handles of things of this nature, workmen are
apt to do, else I take the Hay hook mentioned chap.8.
numb.21 22. to be the same for use as this.
These kind of beautifying works, with men, women, Lions, Apes, and such like heads cannot properly be said to alter, but rather Illustrate the Bearing, as is often seen in the Harp and other musicall Instruments.
Turf spade
CXL. In this square are placed foure sorts of Husbandry Instruments by which their grounds are Drained, &
got into good Tessel. The first is a Turfe Spade, or
a Turving Spade.
[The image shown does not resemble the plate closely, but is identified as a turf spade for two men.]
Trenching plough
Image from proof plateThe second is a Plain Trenching Plough, or Coulter. This hath only a flat sole to run on the ground without any other thing but it Coulter fixed in a Cottrel hole by an Iron Cottrel.
Trenching wheel plough
Image from proof plateThe third is the Trenching wheel Plough, or the Two wheel trenching Coulter, But of these (only to give you here their form and shape) I have spoken else where, numb.137.
Shoe of a trenching spade
Image from proof plateThe fourth is the Bottom, or Shooe of a Trenching Spade. It is all Iron and put on the Staffe or Staile, with a good strong Socket. The Spade shooe must be made with two sides or Langlets up from the end of the Bit, as if they were two Strong Knife Blades, set to turn or look upwards with their points upon a common Spade, from the end of your Spade bit, as the figure sheweth. If it be made exact, with the force of a man pushing it forward, it will work forth the Coar and Furrow clearly, and make a Trench at one tyme.
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