Chapter 8, Item 150a
Lathe parts
Parts of a Lathe.
The Leggs, or Stiles, are two thick Square peeces of timber about 3 Foot long, and 6 Inches broad, which are set upright, to them the other parts by mortesses are fastned; Having Braces at the bottom by which they are fastned to the floore.
The Cheeks, or Sides, are the two side peeces, fastned on each side the Leggs at the upper end by Tennants and so pinned; or else by a strong Iron Screw, made with a square Shank at the head, to go through the Cheeks and Stiles, and so by turning on the end of it an Iron nut, the two Cheekes will be drawn close to the tennants, or upper ends of the leggs.
The Puppets, are the square peeces of wood rounded of at the head, which have the Pikes, or Iron Pinns in, upon which the work is turned. At the lower end each hath a Tennant to slid between the two Cheeks, with a Mortess throwe them, for to put Taper wedges to keep the Puppets close to the Cheeks.
The Screw, and the Pike, are the two Irons upon the points whereof the centers of the works are fixed, & after screwed hard that the work slip not off. The Screw hath a Nut in the Puppet, and an Iron handle fited into the hinder end of the Screw by which it is turned forwards and backwards as the use of it shall require.
The Rest, is a Square peece of timber one corner of it rounded off; upon this the workman layeth his tooles in working to keep them stiddy while he is useing them.
The Stays for the Rest, are two peeces of wood fitted and fastned under the Shoulders of the Puppets, upon these the Rest is set at any distance from the Pikes, by meanes of Wooden Screws set in wooden Nuts against the Rest.
The Side Rest, is a Rest disjunct from the Lathe, and used by Turners when they turn the flat sides of Boards, which standing athwart the Pikes they can the more conveniently rest their Tools upon it. It is a peece of Oaken plank firmely nailed on a square peece of timber standing upright, which as a tennant slideth into an Iron Collar that reacheth through the Cheeks and is wedged under as the Puppets are. Some Turners to the square tennant set on one end of it a long round Iron Cilindrick Socket, into it is put a long round Iron Shank, on the top whereof is made the Side Rest which turneth any way in the Socket, and kept fast therein by a Screw Pin going through the side of the Socket.
The Treddle, and Cross Treddle, are peeces of Timber which are nailed to the ground with a Leather that they may rise and fall, to the other end is the String fixed which goeth to the Pole.
The Pole, is a peece of timber that will bend and go to it place againe, by this the worke is turned about in the Lathe.
The Pole Rests, are Sparrs or other timber nailed to the top of the Seiling, with an overthwart peece from them on which the Pole playeth.
The Rowler, is a round peece of wood made use of when the Rome is not high enough for a Pole to play up and down. It is moved on two Iron Pins fastned at both ends, with a Pole set either before, or behind the Lathe, with a string from it to the Rowler.
The Bow, which is an Archers Bow, and is used by some Turners that work in small, and that seldom remove the Puppets of their Lathe. It is fastned over the head and from the midle of the String another hangs down & comes to the Treddle.
The Great Wheel, it is used when heavy worke is to be turned, such as the Pole and Treddle will not command. The Wheel is set in a moveable Frame consisting of wooden Standards, Lying, Overthwart, & Cross peeces mortessed together. The String lyeth in the Grove of the wheel and turned cross is put into a Grove of the worke, or a Mandrile or Pulley fix'd to the side of the worke, and is turned about with one or two Iron Handles.
The Treddle Wheel, is a wheel made of a Board with a grove in for a string, which goes cross to the grove in the worke. It is under the Lathe on an Iron Axis with a Crooke at one end, on it is hung the noose of a Leather thong, and the other end fastned to the Treddle, which by exact treading on, carryeth the wheel about without intermission.
The String, it is made of the Guts of Beasts as sheep &c. though the generall name of it is Cats-Guts.
The Seat of the Lathe, it is made of wooden Bearers, with an overthwart peece, with Iron pins at the ends to fasten it: against this the workman supports himselfe to stand the stiddier to his worke. In the sted of this Seat some Turners make use of a strong Gerth web, fastned to the Leggs of the Lathe, against which he stays himselfe and keeps him steddy at his work.
The Horn is the tip end of an Horn, hung on the out side the puppet, or else a round Wooden Box, pinned under the Cheek to hold, oyle or grease in, to liquour the centers of his work to make it run easie.
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Chapter 8, Item 151a
Hollow Mandrel
There is another Mandrell called an Hollow Mandrel, it is both hollow, and used to turn hollow things in it: It hath but one center hole belonging to it, which is at the Rowler end or Neck, but it hath a shank that supplies the office of another Center hole, which is put into one of the holes of the Joint Collar, described in numb.153.
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Chapter 8, Item 159a
Drill bench parts
The parts of a Drill-Board.
The Drill board.
The Stiles, or Standing peeces.
The Collar, is the hole in the hither-most Stile.
The Square flat Steele, with it center hole in.
The Rowler, with its Axis.
The Steele pin. and Piercer bit at the end.
The Iron Coller, at the bottom of the Board.
The Wedge, to fasten it to the Lathe Cheeks.
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Chapter 8, Item 162a
Turn bench parts
The parts of a Turn-Bench, or Vice Lathe.
The Axis.
The Drill Barrel, fitted on its square Shank.
The Drill Bow and String.
The Wrest, with its Screw.
The Puppets.
The Screws with their Pikes.
The long Bar, on which the Puppets are fastned by the Screws, or else are to slip further or nearer together, according to the work requireth.
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Chapter 8, Item 163a
Turning engine parts
The parts of the Turning Engine.
The Bow, which is a strong Steel Bow fastned to the middle part of the farther side of the Puppet; having a Gut String, and to the middle of it, in a Noose is fastned another strong Gut String with a Noose at the end of it.
The Moving Collar, is an Iron Collar fastned on a Center pin on the foreside of the Puppet; this moves between the Iron Shackle and the foreside of the Puppet; though properly the Collar is only the hole in which the axis is set. The Neck of the Collar is that part under the Shackle.
The Socket in which the Collar is moved; some term it the Shackle round hole.
The Stop Screw, which is to take out when the hollow Axis moves in the moving Collar; else it holds them together that the Collar moves not.
The Hollow Axis, which is hollow, having a shoulder on it, on which is fixed all the Guids.
The Head, or Case, or box, in which is contained the several Guides, which is hollow, and termed the hollow in the Puppet.
The great Diameter of the Guide.
The small Diameter of the Guide.
The Axis of the Guide.
The Center head.
The Button.
The String Pulley.
The Wheel Pulley, is the Pulley to which the String comes from the Treddle Wheel, called also the Pulley of the Axis.
The Treddle Wheel.
The Guide Pulley, this is slipped to any of the Guides, as the Work-man pleaseth; it is of Brass having a Groove in the edge of it to receive the edge of the Guide, which turning together with the assistance of the strength of the Steel Bow, forces the Guide and the Hollow Axis, to move backwards, and then an edge Tool held to the work in Mandrell screwed in the hollow Axis, will describe the same Figure on the work, as is on the outer edge of the Guide.
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