Chapter 3, Item 63a
Porter
He beareth a Porter carrying of a Pack, Corded; Cloathed in Tawney. This is the Cognizance of all Porters and Carriers of Burthens; they have ever a Leather Girdle about them, with a strong Rope of two or three fouldings hanging thereat, which they have in readiness to bind the Burthen to their Backs whensoever called thereunto. This is also termed a Pedlar and his Pack; only they differ in this, the Porters Pack reacheth over his head and so answerable below; but the Pedlars is a small Truss, Bundle or fardel, not exceeding the middle of his head, as numb.63.
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Chapter 3, Item 64a
Sow gelder
After the Tinker, may follow the Sow-Gelder, and the Bedlam, being all Wandering Knaves alike, and such as are seldom or never out of their Way, having their Home in every place. The first is described with a Long Staff with a head like to a Spear or a Half Pike; and a Horn hung by his side at a broad Leather Belt or Girdle cross his Shoulders.
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Chapter 3, Item 64b
Bedlam
The Bedlam is in the same Garb [as a Tinker] with a long Staff and a Cow or Ox-horn by his side; but his Cloathing is more Fantastick and Ridiculous, for being a Mad Man, he is madly decked and dressed all over with Rubins, Feathers, cuttings of Cloth, and what not; to make him seem a Mad-Man, or one Distracted, when he is no other than a Dissembling Knave.
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Chapter 3, Item 64c
Chimney Sweeper
He beareth a Chimney-sweeper; thus in short, but if more larger, term him a Man in a Gown, and Broad Brimmed Hat, with a Bag and his poles on his Shoulder, with a Beazom or Brush at the ends.
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Chapter 3, Item 67a
Sailor's terms
Terms used by Marriners and Saylors.
And here as the Art pertains to the Ocean, so I see I must enter into an Ocean of Words; the Profundity and Mistery whereof few Men can attain unto; and for the multitude of them, they are able to make a Dictionary themselves, to which I must refer the Courteous Reader; only here give a touch of their most usual Terms, leaving those pertaining to Vessels and Ships to their proper places.
Aft, Go aft, go towards the Stern.
Abaft the Fore-Mast, go to the Fore-Mast.
Aloof, when the Ship falls off from the Wind, she goes aloof.
Amayne, is to do a thing as fast as may be.
Anchoring, or Anchorage, is to let fall the Anchor to stay the Ship.
Arm, is a word of Allarum; a Ship well Armed is well provided for a Fight.
Bale, is to lade Water out of the Ships hould.
Ballast, is Gravel, Stones, Lead, or any other Goods that is laid in the Belly of the Ship to keep her steady and stiff in the Sea.
Ballast shoots, when it runs from one side to the other.
Bear in, when a Ship sails into the Harbour.
Bear off, when a Ship keeps off the Land.
Bear up, when a Ship goes right before the Wind.
Belage, make fast any runing Rope, when it is as high as you would.
Bent the Cable, tye it to the Ring of the Anchor. unbend it, is to take it away from the Ring.
Berth, is take a good Berth, is a good distance, and room to Moor a Ship in.
Berthing, is the raising or bringing up the side of a Ship.
Bight, a Ropes end; hold by the Bight, is by one of the Fakes, which lies rolled one over another.
Bildge, or Buldge, when the Ship strikes to a Rock and springs a Leak.
Bildg-water, it lieth at the bottom of the Ship, and cannot cone to the Pump.
Bitter, is to fasten the end of the Cable about the Bitts, and so to stop the Ship at Anchor. Bitter end, is the Cable end which is within the ship.
Blow, as, the Wind Blows home. or Blows through, is when it doth not cease till it comes past that place.
Blows into the Courses, when it is so hight that they cannot bear any Top Sails.
Blows hard, fresh, stiff, are expressions of extraordinary Winds.
Boord, as Go aboord, is go into the Ship.
A Boord, within the Ship. To make a Boord, is to turn the Ship Windward. Weather boord is Windward.
Boord and Boord, is when two Ships touch each other.
Bowes, or Bowes-hoa, and Bowse upon the Tackle, is the Sailors Cry when they pull or haul any thing by ropes.
Brieze Wind, is such as doth daily keep its course; it is also a Sea Turn.
Brooming, is when a Ship is brought a ground, or on the Careen to be Trimmed and Mended.
Bulk, as break Bulk, is to open the Hould, and sell out Goods.
Outward Bound, when they Sail from the Harbour or Haven.
Inward Bound, going into an Harbour.
Bound Homeward, Sailing home to their own countrey.
Boyant, or Buoyant, any thing that is floating, or apt to float.
Buoy, as Stern the Buoy, is to put the Log of Wood fastned to the anchor into the Water, before the Anchor fall.
Butt-end, is the end of a Plank. To Sprink a Butt, is to have a Plank end loose, in the side of a Ship.
Calm, or Becalmed, is when the Sea hath no Wind.
Camber, or Cambering, is when a Deck lyeth higher in the middle than at each end, it is Camber Decked, or the Deck Cambers.
Camber Keeled, when the Keel is bent upward in the middle.
Capstain, a kind of Windlace to wind and hale up great Weights, as Ordinance, Anchors, &c. Launch at the Capstaine, is to heave no more at it.
Card, or Sea Card, is a Geographical description of Coasts, with the Distance, height and Winds laid down in it, by which the Pilate guides the Ship to its Haven.
Careen, is the best way of Trimming a ship under Water. Careening, is the laying of the Ship on one side, she being a float. To sail on the Careen, is when a Ship lieth down much with the Sail.
Carvell Work, is to Build Ships first with their Timber and Beams, before they put on the Planks. Clinch Work is to Plank the Ship sides.
Caulk, Caulking, is to drive Ockham into the Seams, Rends, or Treenels, throughout the Ship, to keep it Tite, and hold out Water.
Chafe, Chafed, is when any Rope or Cable is chafed or fretted.
Channel, is the deepest part of any River or Harbour mouth; It is also meant by the narrow Seas. Steer in the Channel, is to Sail in the midst of the narrow Seas.
Chase, when a Man of War doth follow any other Ship out of his Course.
Chase pieces, are such Ordinance as lie streight, or right forward on the Head or Stern.
Choak, when a runing Rope sticks in a Block or Pullace so that it cannot be haled through.
Clinch, is to rivet or batter a Bolt head on a Ring, or to turn back the point of a Nail, so as to make it fast at that end.
Clinching, is a slight caulking at Sea, to clinch the Ports, is to drive a little Ockham into the seams of the Ports when foul Weather is suspected.
Cloath, a Sail doth cloath the Mast, when it is so long that it doth touch the Hatches; a Ship spreads much Cloth when she hath broad Sails.
Coats, are pieces of Tarred Canvas put about the Masts to keep Water from running down by them.
Compass, is a moveable Instrument with a Fly, whereon are described the 32 Points or Winds, by which they direct their Course at Sea.
Cond or Cun, to direct or lead the Ship which way she shall go.
Course, as aleir the Course, is to Sail on another Point of the Compass. Mistake the Course, is not to know the lying of the Land.
Craft, is any kind of Nets or Lines to catch Fish with.
Cradle, a Frame of Timber to hang by the Ship side, to Trim the Ship withal.
Crank sided, is when a Ship will bear but little Sail.
Culver Tail, is the way of setting one piece of Timber into another so as they cannot slip out.
Cut the Sail, is to let the Sail fall. Cut the Cable is when the Ship rides in a Storm, and she desires to set Sail.
Dead Water, is the Water at the Stern of the Ship.
Disembogue, is to come out of the Mouth of any Gulph.
Dock, is the place where Ships are Built; of which there are two kinds; a Dry Dock, which is made with Flood Gates to let Water in and out; and a Wet Dock, which is any Creek or Place, where a Ship may cast in out of the Tides way; where it is said the Ship hath Dockt her self, when made a place to ly in.
Draggs, are any thing that hangs over the Ship into the Sea, which hinders her Sailing.
Draws, or Draught, is meant so many foot as the Ship goes in Water. It draws much Water, it swims deep in Water.
Dregg, or Dregging, is to take a little Grapnel, and let it down into the Water to drag on the ground, to find a Cable which hath been let slip.
Drive, is when an Anchor is let down, and will not hold the Ship, but draws it after her. Drives to Lee-ward, or drives in with the Shore.
Duck up the Clew Lines, or Fore-sail, and the like, is used when the same are to be drawn up.
Ease such a Rope, is slacken it; Ease the Bowlings sheets, make them slacker, strain them not so hard; but the proper term is Rise the Tack, for the Tack being loosed, it rises the Bowling Sheats up from the Chestrees.
Eddy, is the running back of Water contrary to the Tide. An Eddy Wind, is that as returns back or recoils from any Sail.
End for End, is when a Rope runs all out of the Block; or the Cable after the Anchor out of the Ship.
Farsing, is the ravelling of a Ropes end.
Faddom, is six foot; all Ropes are measured by Fadoms, as a Cable or Hawsier, so many Fadoms long; and so many inches about; the deepness of Waters is sounded by Faddoms.
Fack, is a round of a Rope; how many Facks is in the Rope; how many rounds it hath; see Quoyle.
Fall off, is when a Ship under sail, doth not keep so near the Wind, as is appointed, but falls off another way.
Falls of a Ship, are the rising higher and lower of the Decks of a Ship.
Farthel a Sail, is when it is wrapped up close together, and so binds it with the Caskets to the Yard.
Fenders, are pieces of Timber, or the like hung over the Ship sides, to keep other Ships from rubbing their sides. Fend the Boat, is to save her from beating against the Ship side.
Fidd, is an Iron Pin made tapering, to open the ends of Ropes, and the strands when they are to be spliced two Ropes together.
Fidders, are made of Wood to splice Cables.
Floan, is when any of the sheats are not haled to the Blocks.
Flood, is the rising of the Water: Young Flood, Quarter Flood, Half Flood, are all terms commonly known.
Flote, is any thing that swims above Water. Ship is aflote, it toucheth no ground: A Floaty Ship is one that draws but little Water.
Flow, when the Water riseth and over-runs its Banks.
Floor, is the bottom of the ship on which it stands.
Flush, is when a Deck is laid from Stem to Stern without any falls or risings, or in a right line.
Free, the Ship having Water, it is said, the Pump will free, or not free her. Free the Boat, is to get the Water out.
Fresh, is extraordinary Land-water coming down a River suddenly. some term it Fresh shot.
Fore and Aft, is to come in before, and go out at Stern.
Fore-reach, a Ship that Sails with another, and outsails it, is said to fore-reach upon the other.
Foul, is when a Ship hath been long untrimmed, so that Grass or Filth grows on her.
Founder or Foundred, when a Ship hath sprung an extraordinary Leak, or else by any Storm great Seas have broken into her that she is half full of Water, so that it cannot be freed; it is said to be Foundred.
Furr, or Furred, is to double Plank the sides of a Ship, it is said to be Plank upon Plank.
Gage, is to measure what quantity of Liquor is either in or taken out, or wanting in a Cask. Gaging a Ship, is to know exactly what Water it draws when it is afloat.
Gale, is when the Wind blows not too hard, but so as a Ship may bear her Top-sails. A Loom Gale, is little Wind, or an easie. A fresh stiff Gale, when it is much Wind.
Girt, is when a Ship lieth cross the Tide.
Grave a Ship, is to lay her on dry ground, and so Burn off the old filth and stuff; and the laying on of new, is termed paying the ship.
Grip, a a Ship doth grip, when she is apt (contrary to the Helm) to run her head or Nose to the Wind more than she should.
Ground a Ship, or grounding the Ship, is when on purpose she is brought to land to be Trimmed. See Grave.
Gull, or Gulling, is when the Pin of a Block doth eat or wear into the Sheever, or a Yard against the Mast; the wear is called Gulling the Mast; or some Galling.
Hale, or over-Hale, is pulling at a Rope; over-hale is to pull a Rope contrary ways, to make it slacker and more gentle.
Hail, or Halling of a Ship, is calling to her to know whence she is, and whither she is Bound, and the like.
Hoa and Hae, the Call and answer of one Sea Man to another, when they Hall each other in.
Hand, or Handing, is the passing or giving of a thing to another, to have it brought elsewhere. Hand this away, or hand it along.
Hatch-way, on the Hatches.
Hawses, the great holes through which the Cables run into the Sea with the Anchor. Fresh the Hawse, is to keep it from fretting the Cable. Clear the Hawse, is to undo the turns of the Cables which lie cross through the winding of the Ship. She rides upon the Hawse, another lies athwart her Hawse.
Head Sea, is when the Water goes one way and the Wind another.
Heave, or Heave away, is fling or cast away.
Heele, is for a ship to ly down on a side, whether she is afloat or on ground.
Heels to the Starboard.
Heels to the Larboard.
Heels to the Shoarward, lieth aside towards the shoar.
Heels to the Off-ward, is to the Seaward, sideways.
Hitch, is to catch or take hold of any thing with a rope or hook.
Howlsom, is when a Ship will hull, try and ride well at Anchor, without rowling and tumbling and labouring much at Sea.
Hoyse, is to hale or pull any thing up into the ship either with a Tackle or a dead Rope. Hoyse up the Yard, is pull it up.
Hulling, is when a Ship is at Sea, and hath taken in all her Sails in calm weather; this is termed lying at Hull or Hulling.
Iron sick, is when the Bolts, Speeks or Nails are so eaten with rust and salt water, that they stand hollow in the Planks.
Junk, is a piece of a Cable that is cut off; any part of an old Cable is called Junk, such as these they hang for Fenders by the Ships sides, or else untwist it to make Plats for Cables, Rope-yarn or Sinnet; if old, it serveth to make Ockham.
Keckle, or Keckling, is to turn small Ropes about Cables and Bolt-ropes to keep them from fretting in their several places as they lye; in other small Ropes this way of preserving of them, is termed Serving of them.
Kedg, or Kedging, is the staying of a Ship in a River by an Anchor, that she go not too near the shoar.
Keenke, is the crossing of a Rope when it runs in a Block, or runs double in a Cable.
Knittlidge, the same to Ballast.
Knots, as a Bowling Knot.
A Wale Knot, which is made round or knobbed with three strands of Rope that it cannot slip.
Labour, as a Ship labours when she rouls and tumbles very much either a Hull, under Sail, or at Anchor: they labour and roul most when they lye between Wind and Tide.
Lade, is to fill the Ship with Goods or Provisions; also some say lade the Water out of the Boat.
Landfall, is a falling to Land on the day assigned, if after the day then it is said to be a bad Landfall.
Land locked, is when a Ship is in a Road, or Harbour so as the Land lies round about it, and the Sea lies not open to it.
Land-to, is when a Ship is just so far off at Sea as we can see the Land.
Land-turn, is the same of the Land, as a Brieze from the Sea; a Land-wind by Night.
Large, is when a Ship goes neither before the Wind, nor by-wind, but between both; such a Wind is a large Wind.
Lash, or Lashers, is to bind any thing to the sides of the Ship; or Ropes as tye things together.
Lasking, as when we say the Ship goes Lasking or Veering or Quarter Winds, or Large and Roomer; they are all one, for then the Ship neither goes by a Wind or before a Wind.
Launch, is to put out the Ship to Sea; as Launch a Ship out of the Dock, or out of a Key; also in stowing the Hould, they say Launch aft, or Launch forward, when they would have any thing brought further; when they have hoised up a Yard high enough, or the Topmast, they cry Launch hoa, that is, hoise no more; and when they are Pumping, if the Pump sucks, then they cry Launch-hoa, that is, Pump no more.
Lay a-land, when a ship is sailed out of sight of the Land.
Leak, is when a ship lets in water; some say she hath sprung a Leak, or makes much water.
Lee, is understood to be that as is opposite to the wind, as
Lee shoar, the shoar against which the Wind blows.
A lee the Helm, put the Helm to the Lee-side of the ship, that side as the Wind blows not on.
Lee ward, is not fast by the Wind. To come by the Lee, or lay the ship by the Lee, is to bring her so that all her sails lie flat to the Masts and Shrowds.
Let fall, is the putting down of any of the Sails and Yards; but in the Top-sails they say heave out the Top sails and set the Missen sail, and not let it fall.
Lifts, as topping the Lifts, is the haling of the Topsail lifts, as Top a Starboord, or Top a Port, that is hale upon the Star-board or Lar-board lifts.
Loom Gale, see Gale.
Loom, or Looming of a ship, is the Prospect of a Ship, as the ship Looms a great Sail, that is seems to be a great ship; she Looms but small, is or seems to be but a little ship.
Ly under the Sea, when in a Storm the Ship is a Hull, and makes fast the Helm a Lee, so as the Sea breaks upon the Bow and Broadside of the ship, then she is laid under the Sea.
Man, or well Manned, when a ship hath Men enough to guide and defend her.
Marling a Sail, is to fasten a ript Sail to the Bolt rope; By Marling is also meant a small Line of untwisted Hemp to be gentle, to tye up the ends of Ropes from farsing out, or ravelling, or keep them from untwisting.
Marling speck, is an Iron made of purpose for the splising together of small Ropes.
Matts, are clouts or thrums to save things from galling.
Moor, or Mooring, is to lay out her Anchors, as is fit for to ride by, which is no less than two.
Moor a-cross, is to lay out 2 Anchors, one on one side, and the other on the other side the River.
Moor along, is to lay an Anchor in the Stream out at the head, and another at the stern.
Mooring Water-shot, that is quartering between both.
Neal too, is when the Water is deep down close to the shore, whithout any showling.
Neap, or Neap Tide, is a low Tide, or falling of the Tide.
Observe is to take the height of Sun or Star with an Instrument whereby to know in what Degree and Latitude the Ship is.
Off ward, is when a Ship is on shoar, and lies sideward to the water, or if the stern lie to the Sea, it is said her stern lies to the off-ward (that is to the sea) and her head to the shoar-ward.
Over-set, when a ship with bearing too much Sail is born over on a side, and so foundred in the sea.
Overthrow, when a ship is cast on one side to be Trimmed.
Oze, or Ozie, is a soft slimy muddy ground.
Pantch, the same to Matts.
Parcell, or parcelling a seam, is to sear it over with Canvas and Pitch and Tar made hot.
Pay a seam, is to Pitch and Tar it after it is caulked.
Pawle, is a little piece of Iron which is a stay or stop to the Whelps or the Wheel of the capstain.
Pitching, is setting of the Main Mast in its place or step.
Plott, see Card.
Pointing the Cable, is to keep it from farsing or untwisting.
Purchase, is the fast drawing, caining, or coming in of Rope, by haling with the hands.
Quoyle, or quoyle of Ropes, is a Rope laid up round, one take over another; A Quoyle of Cable, that is a Cable turned round up; a Quoyle is the whole Cable or Rope; if half be cut away it is called Half a Quoyle.
Quarter Winds, are when they come in A-baft the Main-Mast shrouds just with a Quarter.
Rabbet, is the hollowing of the Keel that the Planks may fit in.
Reach, is the distance of any two points of land, in a right line to one another.
Reeve, is to put in and put through, or passing through. Reeve the Rope in the Block; and unreeve the Rope, or Brasses, Lifts or Sheats, &c. that is, take the Ropes and draw them out of the said Blocks.
Rides, or a Ship rides when her Anchors hold her fast.
Road, is any place where a ship may ride at Anchor.
Robbins, are little lines reeved or put into the eylot holes of the sails to make the sails fast to the yards; make fast the Robbins, is to tye them; Land Men say tye a Rope, but sea Men use the word make fast such a thing.
Round in, or Rounding aft, is to hale the sails of the Main and Fore-masts down, to keep them steady from flying up when the Wind larges upon them.
Rowse-in, is the drawing in of a Cable to make it streight when it lieth slack in the water. Rowse in the Cable or Hawser, but it is not used to the haling in of any other Rope.
Rummidge, is to remove any Goods or Luggage out of a place, as from between Decks, or the Howld; Ruming the Howld, is to clear it.
Sail, at Sea they call a Ship a Sail, as when the descry a ship, the say a sail, a sail.
Sarve, is to put any thing, as Synnet, Thrum, Raggs, about a Rope to keep it from Galling.
Scarfe, is to let one end of Timber into another, as the making of a Keel from 3 or 4 pieces, which is called scarfing; so the stem is fastned into the Keel, wich is called the scarfe of the Keel.
Sease, or seasing, is to bind or make fast any Ropes together, with some small Rope Yarn, Marling or Line.
Seele, or seeling, is a sudden turning aside of a ship, forced by the motion of the Sea and fearful Winds.
Settle a Deck, is to make it lower.
Sew, or sewing, is when the Water is gone from the ship, so that it lies on dry land, the ship is sewed a-head, is when the Water is gone but from the head.
Shear, is when a ship goes in and out under sail, and is not steared steady. Shear a-ground, is strike a ground in this unsteady course.
Sheathing, is casing of a Ship with thin Boards, and Tar and Hair laid between; it is to keep the Worms from eating through the Planks.
Sheep shanks, is two Poles set a cross near the top where a Block is hung; some call them a pair of sheers. by them they take a Mast out, and put it in, and hoise Goods in and out the ship.
Shoars, are pieces of Timber set under the side of a ship to support it from falling aside. Shoars shoaring her up.
Shore, is the Land near the Sea; Banks of the Sea; the Lee-shoar is that whereon the Wind blows; Weather shoar, is that from whence the Wind comes.
Shot of Cable, two Cables splised together makes a shot.
Showle, or shallow, is when the Water grows deeper by degrees, and not suddenly.
Slatch, is when a part of the middle of a Rope or Cable hangs slack without the ship, and they say hale up the slatch of the Cable. A Slatch of fair or foul weather, is a little time of fair or foul.
Sound, is a great in draught of the Sea between two Head-lands, where there is no passage through, is called Sound; also to try and find out the depth of Water, is termed sounding, and that is with the lead and line; sound the Pump, is to know what water is in the Well of the Pump: And instead of bidding one sound, they often say, heave the Lead, that is cast it overboord.
Spell, is a working by turns at the Pump or Rowing; a fresh spell, is others to come to work; he will give him a spell, is to Row or Pump in his place. To spell the Missen, is to let the Wind out of a Sail for fear of wronging the Mast. Spell the sail, turn it out of the Wind.
Spend, as spent their Mast or Yard, is that the same is broke in foul Weather; but if it comes by Fight, they say the Mast is shot by the Boord, or carried away with a shot.
Splise or splice, is to make fast the ends of Ropes one into the other; this is the round splice. the countsplice, is when the ends of either Ropes are spliced into other Ropes some distance from the ends.
Split, is the breaking of a Sail or Mast; as the sail is split, the Carriage of a Gun is split; also when Sheeves break, they say it is split.
Spoon, or spooning afore, is to put a Ship right before the Wind and Sea without any sail. Spooning with the fore-sail, is to open the same at such a time as the Ship is in Danger.
Spring, or sprung, is a crack in any part of the Mast; they spring the Mast with bearing a Sail, that is, they crack it; but to sring ones Loof, is to clap the ship close by a wind when she is going at large. The Spring, or Spring-Tide, is when the Water riseth after a dead Neap.
Stocks, is the Timber and Posts which supports the Hull of the Ship while it is in Building; a Ship in the Stocks, is a ship in Building, not yet finished.
Spun-Yarn, is Rope-yarn, the ends scraped thin, and so spun one end to another with a wrench, to make it long.
Standing parts of running Ropes, are those parts of the Rope which are made fast to the ship sides or elsewhere.
Standing Ropes, are those Ropes which are not removed (as the shrowds) or to run in any Blocks.
Stay, or Bring a ship a-stay, is to make it stand before it Tack, or turn about.
Steer, is to govern the ship with the Helm. Steer by Land, is to observe any mark on the Land, and so to keep the ship even to that. To Steer by Compass, is to keep the ship on the point of the Compass. to Steer by Direction, that is to guide her according as the Channel or river runneth. This is to Cond a ship.
Steve, or steveing, is when the Bolt-sprit or Beak head stands too upright. Steveing of Cotton, is when a Deck is thrust full of it.
Stoaked, is when any thing is gotten about the bottom of the Pump, as Water cannot get to it, it is said the ship is stoaked, the Pump is stoaked, or the Limber holes are stoaked.
Stow, is to put any Goods into the Howld, or between Decks; and to stow the Top-sail, is to lay or place it on the top.
Strake, is a seam between two Planks.
Stretch, as stretch forward the Hilliards or Sheats, is to deliver that part as they must hale by into the hands of others, that they may be ready to Hoyse or Hale.
Strike, is to pull down the Sails; as strike the sails, strike the Top-Mast, and to strike down into the Howld, is to lower or put any thing from the Tackles into it.
Surge, a Wave or Billow of the Sea; the Cable surges, is when they heave at the Cap stain, and the Cable slips back again.
Swifting, is to ease and strengthen the Masts, when a ship is brought aground.
Tack a ship, is to bring her head about to ly the other way. Tack about, is to turn her about. Tallee aft the sheats, is to hale off the sheats of the Main, or Fore-sail.
Tar-pawling, is a Canvas Tarred all over to lash upon a Deck or Grating to keep the Rain from soaking through.
Tanunt Mast, is when it is too high for the ship.
Taught, is to set a Rope stiff and fast when they are slack.
Tempest, is when it blows so exceedingly, that it is not possible to bear any sail; it is a degree above a Storm.
Thight, a Ship is Thight when she is staunch, and makes but little water; when the water stinks the ship is sound.
Tide, is the Ebbing and Flowing of the water. A Wind-ward Tide, when the Tide runs against the Wind. A Lee-ward Tide, when the Water and Wind go both one way. A Tide-grate, is where the Tide runs strong. To Tide it, is to go up with the Tide.
Tire of Ordinance, is when the Decks have them fore and aft; some ships have two or three Tire of Guns, that is two or three Stories or Rooms one above another.
Tow, as Tow the Boat, is to drap it (or any thing) in the Water, at the stern of the ship.
Traverse, is the way and angles which the ship makes in going to and again. The traversing of a great Gun, is to lay it streight upon the Mark.
Trise, is to hale or draw up any thing with a dead Rope by hands, not in any Pulleys or Blocks.
Trim of a ship, is her good swimming.
Trough of the sea, is the hollow between two Waves.
Tuck, is the gathering up of the ships quarter under the Water.
Veer, or Veer out a Rope, is to let a Rope run out by hand when it may be stopt.
Waft, is to guard any Ship or Fleet at Sea. Wafts are used for signs to call in a Boat, or to shew the Ship in some extremity or distress, and this is a Coat or Gown, or the like hung up in the shrowds.
Wake, is the smooth Water which the Ship doth make a stern her.
Walt, a ship is Walt when she wants Ballast.
Watch, a whole Watch is four hours, then others do relieve them.
Water-born, is when a ship is just off the ground, that she floats.
Weather, to go the Wind-ward of a place, is to Weather.
Wharfe, is the Sea shoar or the place of Landing, the Sands by the River side.
Yawe, or Yawning, is when a ship is not steered steady, but goes in and out with her head.
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Chapter 3, Item 68a
Cripple
He beareth a Cripple, or a Man Lame of one of his Legs, Cloathed (and half Naked) with Tattered Rags of divers colours; supporting himself with (or having two Crutches) or two Crutch staves under his Arms. After this manner Criples or Maimed persons are thus described, some lame in their Hands, others of their Legs, others Blind; some with one Crutch, others with two, some again are drawn standing, others sitting or lying, with their Crutches by them; Begging and Craving for Alms, or the Charity of Good People.
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Chapter 3, Item 68b
Rogues & vagabonds
And seeing we are entered into the row of Rogues, Vagabonds, and wandring Beggars (for generally they are such) give me leave to give you the names (as in their Canting Language they call themselves) of all (or most of such) as follow the Vagabond Trade, according to their Regiments or Divisions, as
1. Cursitors or Vagabonds.
2. Faytors,
3. Robardesmen.
4. Draw Latches.
5. Sturdy Beggars.
These were all above 300 years now last past; but since they are called upon their farther increase
Counterfeit Crankers, Rogues that are able, yet make themselves lame and sore.
Dommerats.
Glymmerers, Firers of Houses, thereby to Steal in Confusions.
Bawdy Baskets, such as prostrate themselves to any person.
Autem Morts, Wives that follow Rogues and Thieves.
Doxies, Whores and Bawds.
Dells, Trulls, dirty Drabs.
Kitchen Morts, little young Queans.
Abram Coves, lusty strong Rogues, Bedlams.
Ben-Fakers, Counterfeiters of Passes and Seals.
Russelers, Rogues in the highest degree.
Upright Men, the same as Russelers.
Hookers or Anglers, such as draw Cloaths out of Houses with hook staffs.
Rogues, common Beggars that will not Work though they be able.
Wild Rogues, Mad Men, Dedlams, called also Mad Toms.
Priggers of Prancers, Horse, Mare, or Beast Stealers.
Pallyards, poor Beggars.
Faytors, or Fraters.
Priggs, Thieves, Night-stealers. Swadlers.
Curtals.
Irish Toyles.
Swigmen, cheaters by changing of wears.
Jackmen, Counterfeiters.
Patri-coes.
Kitching-coes, little Rogues that first enter the Society.
Whip-Jacks.
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Chapter 3, Item 68c
Beggar's cant
Canting Terms used by Beggars, Vagabonds, Cheater, Cripples and Bedlams.
Avile, a Town.
Autem, a Church.
Autem Mort, a Married Woman.
Abram Cove, a lusty Rogue.
Bien, brave.
Boung, a Purse.
Borde, a shilling.
Half a Borde, six pence.
Bugher, a Cur Dog.
Bleating Cheat, a Sheep.
Ben-Fakers, counterfeiters of Passes and Seals. Good makers.
Belly Cheat, an Apron.
Bowse, Drink.
Bowsing Ken, an Ale-house.
Bene, good. Benar, better.
Beneship, very good fellowship.
Bufe, a Dog. Buffar, Dog-like.
Bing a wast, get you hence.
Bing, go or come.
Crash, eat. Crashing cheat, Teeth.
Cuffin Quier, a Justice of a Peace.
Cackling cheat, a Cock, Hen, or Capon.
Cheat, a stollen thing: but the word Cheat joined to others, hath then a variable signification, a Nab cheat, a Hat, or Cap, &c.
Canke, a Dumb Man.
Crackmans, Hedges.
Clapperdogion, a Beggar born.
Clovers, thieves, Purloyners.
Cannikin, the Plague.
Cleyines, sores on the body.
Cassan, Cheese.
Cove, or Cofe, Coffin or Cuffin, a Man, a Fellow
Coves, Fellows, Rogues.
Caster, a Cloak.
A Commission, a Shirt.
Chates, the Gallows.
To cly the Jerk, to be Whipt.
To Cut, to speak.
To Cut bene, to speak gently.
To Cut bene Whiddes, to speak good words.
To cut quier Whiddes, to give evil Language.
To Cant, to speak.
To Couch a Hogshead, to lye down asleep.
Cly, Haunt, Molest.
Cramp-ring, shackles, Bolts.
Confeck, Counterfeit.
Cackling, Prating, Talking.
Dimber damber, a pretty Rascal.
Dommerer, a Madman, a Bedlam.
Drawers, Hosen.
Dudes, Cloaths.
Darkmans, the Night.
Deusea-vile, the Country.
Dub the Giger, open the Door.
Dell, a Trull, a Drab.
Dine, Spite, Malice.
Doxie, Sweet-heart, Chuck, Whore.
Dock agen, do it again.
Fambles, Hands.
Fambling cheat, a Ring.
Ferme, Hole, Cave, or hiding place.
Flagg, a Groat.
Filch, Steal or Rob. a Staff.
Faker, maker.
Glasiers, eyes.
Gan, a Mouth.
Gage, a Quart Pot.
Grannam, Corn.
Gybe, a Writing.
Glimmer, fire.
Gigger, a Door.
Gentry Mort, a Gentlewoman.
Gentry Cofes Ken, a Noble Mans House.
Grunting cheat, a Pig.
Grunters, Pigs.
Harman-Beck, the Constable.
Harmans, the Stocks
Heave a Bough, rob a Booth.
Hearing cheats, the Ears.
Jerke, a Seal. Jerk't, Sealed.
Jybe, a License.
Jague, a Ditch.
Jocky, a Mans Yard.
Ken, House.
Kinchin, little, or Kitchin-coes, little rogues.
Lage of Duds, a Buck of Cloaths.
Libberdge, a Bed.
Lowre, Money.
Lap, Butter-Milk or Whay.
Libkin, a House to ly in. Lodging.
Lage, Water.
Light-mans, the day.
Long lib, long lying, last end.
Lib, ly, lye down.
Mynt, gold.
A Make, an half-penny.
Margery Prater, a Hen.
Mawnding, Asking. Mawnd, Beg.
To Mill, to Steal.
Mill a Ken, to rob a House.
Mort, a Woman, a Pink.
Mawnders, rogues, Beggars.
Muffeling Cheat, a Napkin.
Nosegent, a Nun.
Niggling, accompanying with a Woman.
Nip, cut.
Nab, head.
Nab cheat, a Hat.
Nase Nabs, Red Noses, Drunkards.
Prat, a Buttock, Thighs.
Peck, Meat.
Poplar, Pottage.
Prancer, an Horse.
Prigg, to Ride. prigging, riding.
Patrico, a Priest.
Priggers, Robbers, Stealers, high-way Men.
Pad, way.
Pannam, bread.
Pallyards, Beggars.
Pratling cheat, the Tongue.
Quaromes, a body. Quarrons.
Quier cuffing, a Justice of Peace, a naughty Fellow, a Churl.
Ruyer Ken, the Jayl, a Naughty house.
Quier, cruel, naught.
Quacking cheat, a Duck, a Calf, or Sheep.
Red-shanks, Mallards, Drakes.
Ruff-peck, Bacon.
Roger, or Tib of the Buttry, a Goose.
Rome vile, London.
Rome bowse, Wine.
Rome Mort, the Queen.
Ruff Mans, the Woods or Bushes.
Ruffian, or Ruffin, the Devil.
Rome coves.
Rome pad, High way.
Rum Maunder, a Beggar Fool, flavering Fool.
Ruffler, a brave strong Rogue.
Scowre, wear, put on.
Shove the Flogging tumbler, to be whipt at the Carts Arse.
Stamps, Legs.
Stampers, Shooes.
Slate, a Sheet.
Skew, a Cup or Dish. Scue.
Solomon, the Mass.
Staling Ken, a House to receive Goods stollen or to buy them .
Skipper, a Barn.
Strommell, Straw.
Smelling Cheat, an Orchard, or a Garden, a Nose.
To scour the Cramp Ring, to wear Bolts.
Stalling making or ordaining.
Stow you, hold your peace.
Strawling, Brokers, Buyers of Goods.
Tatterdemallion, a Ragged Rogue.
Trine, Hang.
Trining, Hanging. Trin'd, Hanged.
To Towre, to see.
Tib a th'Buttery, a Goose.
Togman, a Gown or Cloak.
Upright, highest.
Wyn, a Penny.
Whiddes, Words, Language.
Wap well, Kiss well.
Woune, stolen.
Yarrume, Milk.
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Chapter 3, Item 69a
Dancer's terms
The Art of Dancing, (though here set forth in its rustick and antick postures) yet opportunely and civilly used, is a commendable and rare quality, fit for young Gentlemen and Gentlewomen; and hath formerly been honoured in the Courts of Princes, and it is much commended to be excellent for recreation after much Study, making the Body active and strong, graceful in deportment, and is a quality very much beseeming a Gentleman.
The several Terms used in Dances.
An Honour, it is in a Man to Bow the Body, setting the heel of one foot to the side of the other; and the woman to bend or bow the Knees.
A Salute, a Kiss, or Kiss of the hand with a bow of the body.
A Double, that is four steps forward and backward, closing both Feet; and in Dancing Books is thus marked D.
A Single, is two steps forward, closing both Feet; the single is thus marked S.
A Set, is all that Dance to make a stand.
A Turn single, is two steps to one hand, and two steps to the other.
A Strain, it thus marked when but once to be played _.
A double Strain, when twice Played, and is thus marked
A Back Strain.
The Characters in Dances for Men is thus ; for Women this or this We; for a single Woman thus Wo:
A Couple is thus marked, Cu:
A Contrary is thus marked, Co:
The second, third, fourth, &c. are thus Figured 2, 3, 4, &c.
Rounds, or a Round, is when all that Dance take hands in hands, and so go round too and again.
Cast off, is for Men and Women to loose hands, and stand off one another, each facing his partner; or to cast off from the leading, to the lower part or last.
Lead forwards and backwards.
Sides all.
Arms all, is to take hands, or by the Arms, and so to turn about and change places; or else go in a single, &c.
Set and Turn Single.
The single hay, is turning too and again between each person.
Change,
A Slip to the left, or to the right.
A double Back, is four steps backwards.
Turn off, or Fall off, or Fall Back, is when the Men and Women loose hands, and step back 3 or 4 steps off one another.
Longways, are Dances for 6, 8, 10, or more, by couples following one another.
Cross over, is an exchange of places from one side to the other.
A Caper, or leap up.
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Chapter 3, Item 69b
Dancing books
Whoever desires farther knowledge in this matter, let them peruse these Books. The Dancing Master, set forth by J.P. Apollo's Banquet, in which you may have variety of Corants Sarabands, Jigs and Horn Pipes.
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